Unification

Role of Nationalism Many groups started to feel pride in their ethnicity This caused some to want freedom from a foreign ruler It caused other groups of common ethnicity (same culture, history, religion…) to want to join together and form one country

Italian Unification

Italian Nationalism Italy was fragmented in many small provinces Austria controlled several provinces in Northern Italy Many Italians began to want to join together to create one country for all Italians

Count Cavour 1852 Count Cavour became Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia Provoked a war with Austria knowing that France would help him Austria lost control over some provinces (Lombardy) All northern Italian states joined the Kingdom of Sardinia

Giuseppi Garibaldi Worked for Italian unification in southern provinces He led many successful military campaigns to unify the south Allied with Count Cavour The two finally joined the north and the south – formed Italy in 1861

Papal States Some Italian provinces were still controlled by the Pope and the Catholic Church Refused to joined Italy Eventually all provinces were added to Italy except for the Vatican which is controlled by the pope

German Unification

Otto Von Bismarck Became Prime Minister of Prussia Devoted himself unifying all the Germanic people under one country

Wars of German Unification Danish War 1864 Prussia wanted control of some Germanic provinces in Denmark Prussia demanded the provinces Denmark refused and went to war with Prussia. Prussia won and took control over the provinces

German provinces gained in Danish War EUROPE

Wars of German Unification Austro-Prussian War 1866 Bismarck picked a fight with Austria Prussia defeated Austria in a 3 week war Austria lost a few provinces to Prussia Austria was forced to recognized Prussia as the leader of the German people

Wars of German Unification Franco-Prussian War 1870 Bismarck still desired the southern Germanic provinces Provoked war with France in hopes of winning control of the southern provinces Prussia won 1871 unification of Germany was complete