Chapter -09 Summary

Job Design and work organization Designing the job allotted for every staff. operations management is dealing with considerable amount of human resource management, therefore managing or designing the job is quite important. What is job design? The way we structure the jobs for employees in work place and the relationship of each job to technologies is known as Job design.

What is work organization? Work organization is the total of operation, material, technology and people to achieve the objective of operation. Explain the major elements of job design. What are the environmental conditions at workplace? - Ergonomics What technology is available and how will it be used? – ergonomics workplace design what tasks to be allocated to each person in the operation? – division of labour. what is the best method of performing each job? – Scientific management

5. How long will it take and how many people will be needed 5. How long will it take and how many people will be needed? – work measurement 6. How do we maintain commitment – team work and flexible working. Ergonomics or human factors engineering This is concerned with human body and how it fits into its surroundings. There are two ideas for this: Job can be made to fit the people who are doing it, or people can be made to fit the job. Should have scientific approach, such as collecting data showing how people reacting under different conditions.

Ergonomic environmental design – considering health and safety temperature Noise Light Ergonomic workplace design Analyzing as how workplace affect performance,fatigue,physical strain and injury. Anthropometric data Data that relates to peoples size, shape and other abilities (physical), when designing the job

Advantages and disadvantages or division of labour. Page 260 Designing job methods Scientific Management all aspects of work should be investigated find out what is a fair days work workers must be selected, trained and developed managers should act as planners of the work. cooperation should be achieved between management and workers .

2. Method study – find the best method to do a job 3. Work measurement – finding the required time for the completion of a job. 4. Work study – mix of work measurement and work study, that consider all the facts that affect the efficiency of job. Method study Page 264 Work measurement Page 266 , 267

Job commitment behavioral approach Combining tasks - increase number of activities. make natural work unit - put activities together to give a wholesome effect. Establish client relationship - staff make contact with clients vertical loading - allocate indirect tasks such as management of job, maintenance, scheduling to the staff. Opening feedback channels

6. Job rotation – time to time give shift staff between similar jobs. 7. Job enlargement - give larger tasks, but of same character. For example a unit of ten workers redesigned into two groups of 5 staff. 8. job enrichment - give more tasks, such as decision making, responsibility e.t.c 9. Empowerment - ability to make changes in the individual job design. 10. Team working - 11.Flexible working - skill flexibility, time flexibility, location flexibility

Control VS Commitment 9.9 page 278