1. BASIC ERGONOMICS TRAINING PROGRAM

2. WHAT IS ERGONOMICS? - It is the practice of arranging the environment to fit the person working in it. - Ergonomic principles help reduce the risk of potential injuries from : * Overuse of muscles * Bad Posture * Repetitive motion - Objective of ergonomics is to accommodate workers through the design of: * Tasks * Controls * Tools * Work stations * Displays * Lighting & equipment

3. WHY IS THERE A CONCERN? - Recognition that risks exist within the workplace, both in the factory and office areas. - Commitment to providing a “Clean, Safe and Attractive” work environment for employees. - Benefits from Safety improvements create the same for Productivity and Quality of product. - Regulatory requirements (OSHA).

4. WHAT MAKES AN EFFECTIVE PROGRAM? - Management commitment and employee involvement are essential. - Management can provide: * Resources ( Time, people, financial ) * Managing & motivating forces behind effort - Employees can provide: * Intimate knowledge of the jobs performed * Identification of existing & potential hazards - Together they provide the solutions to the issues.

5. RELATED DISORDERS/INJURIES - Musculo-skeletal system of the body is affected. - Illnesses affect the structure of the body: * Muscles * Nerves * Tendons * Joints * Ligaments * Bones * Supporting body tissue - Injuries are disorders of the: * Back * Neck * Upper/lower extremities * Shoulders * Strains, sprains, tissue inflammation & dislocation

6. DISORDERS/INJURIES CONTINUED Cumulative Trauma Disorders - Can affect nearly all tissues, nerves, tendons & muscles. - Upper extremities most affected. - Develop gradually from repeated forceful actions. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Affects the hands and wrists. - Develops due to repeated or forceful manual tasks. Back Disorders - Pulled or strained muscles, ligaments, tendons & disks. - Most disorders result from long term injury. - Excessive or repetitive twisting, bending or lifting.

7. CAUSES & CONTRIBUTING FACTORS SHORT TERM INJURIES/Acute exposures: - Identifiable accident or trauma caused injury LONG TERM INJURIES/Chronic exposures - Problems builds over time, no specific accident source UNSAFE CONDITIONS UNSAFE ACTIONS - Weight of object - Improper lifting/lowering - Size & shape - Twisting with a load - Height of work - Excessive reaching - Housekeeping - Lifting beyond capacity

8. HAZARD PREVENTION & CONTROL ENGINEERING CONTROLS - Eliminate the task or unnecessary movement. - Reduce weights of loads, increase handling capacity of equipment. - Workspace modifications. - Use handles or “easy grip” surfaces. - Investigate quality problems that may cause stresses. - Lift properly, keeping loads close to body. - Logical, convenient controls and displays.

9. HAZARD PREVENTION & CONTROL CONTINUED ADMINISTRATIVE & PROCESS CONTROLS - Work rest or break scheduling. - Training in proper lifting techniques & ergonomics. - Job orientation, training and follow up. - Rotation between high & low stress tasks. - Housekeeping. - Video study and evaluation of job tasks. - Use of effective job safety analysis program. - Enforcement of existing procedures.

10. ERGONOMIC MODIFICATION PROCESS 1) Identify existing or potential problems - Analyze injury data - Interview staff & employees - Observe work activity - Conduct initial ergonomic evaluation 2) Identify & evaluate risk factors involved. 3) Review data, info. with Management and employees. 4) Design & implement corrective measures. 5) Monitor & evaluate effectiveness of corrective measures.

11. INTERVENTION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 1) Task, Job and Workplace Factors 2) Employee Factors 3) Process / Human Interface 4) Management and Supervision Styles

12. RISK FACTORS WORK ENVIROMENT - Temperature & humidity - Air velocity - Lighting & glare - Noise levels Work Station - Working heights - Reaching, awkward postures - Workplace & work piece access - Furniture, floor surfaces

13. RISK FACTORS CONTINUED TOOLS & EQUIPMENT - Vibration - Hand posture, grip & grasp - Hand pressure & forces - Tool design, condition & maintenance - Controls & displays (layout, function) MATERIALS & CONTAINERS - Lifting/Lowering - Twisting/turning - Pushing/pulling - Grip & grasp - Repetitive motions - Size, weight, handles, edges

14. RISK FACTORS CONTINUED HUMAN FACTORS - Static body postures - Body size & strength - Body movements - Workload - Handling methods - Employee condition & motivation

15. WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS The key elements of an effective work practice program are: - Instruction in proper work techniques. - Employee training & conditioning. - Regular monitoring. - Feedback. - Adjustments. - Modification. - Maintenance.

16. WORK AT WORKING SAFELY Awareness of ergonomics and the causes of related disorders is critical in prevention efforts: - Cooperate with employer in making related design changes in the workplace. - Be aware of signs & symptoms indicating a possible problem or injury caused by poor workplace design. - Participate in hazard controls initiated by employer. - Be aware of job-specific techniques used to alleviate ergonomic issues. - Follow doctor’s instructions, if under treatment.