Preview Section 1 Sorting It All Out Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms Classification Preview Section 1 Sorting It All Out Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms Concept Mapping

Bellringer Think about the different ways humans classify Section 1 Sorting It All Out Bellringer Think about the different ways humans classify things. List five groups of things that humans classify, such as library books, department store merchandise, and addresses. Is there such a thing as too much classification? What happens when you put something in the wrong group? Can objects or ideas belong in more than one group at the same time? Record your responses in your science journal.

Objectives Explain why and how organisms are classified. Section 1 Sorting It All Out Objectives Explain why and how organisms are classified. List the eight levels of classification. Explain scientific names. Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying organisms.

Section 1 Sorting It All Out Why Classify? Makes it easier for biologists to answer many important questions such as: 1. How many known species are there? 2. What are the defining characteristics of each species? 3. What are the relationships between these species?

How do Scientists Classify Organisms? Section 1 Sorting It All Out How do Scientists Classify Organisms? Taxonomists use an eight-level system to classify living things. Orderly. Based on similar characteristics. Taxonomy – the science of describing, classifying, naming living things.

Section 1 Sorting It All Out Branching Diagrams On a branching diagram, we see pictures of organisms and several characteristics listed along a line that points to the upper right. These characteristics are like a toll gate – if an organism doesn’t have that particular trait, they don’t get through, so to speak

Section 1 Sorting It All Out

Section 1 Sorting It All Out Branching Diagrams Each characteristic is shared by the organisms to the right of this “gate.”

Section 1 Sorting It All Out

Section 1 Sorting It All Out Branching Diagrams The closer together the organisms are on a branching diagram, the more characteristics they have in common. You may hear this interpreted as the organisms being “more closely related.”

Section 1 Sorting It All Out

The 8-Level System of Classification Section 1 Sorting It All Out The 8-Level System of Classification Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of classification are: 1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species

Section 1 Sorting It All Out

Section 1 Sorting It All Out Scientific Names One Species, One Name A scientific name is always the same for a specific kind of organism no matter how many common names there might be. Two-Part Names The first part of a species’ name is the genus name. It is always capitalized. The second part of the name is the species name. Lower case

Uses a sequence of paired descriptive statements. Section 1 Sorting It All Out Dichotomous Keys What Is a Dichotomous Key? A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms. Uses a sequence of paired descriptive statements. “Yes” or “No” determines where to go next on chart.

End up at the Two-Part (Scientific) Name Section 1 Sorting It All Out Dichotomous Keys End up at the Two-Part (Scientific) Name By working through the statements in a dichotomous key in order, a person can eventually identify an unknown but previously-discovered organism.

Section 1 Sorting It All Out

Section 1 Sorting It All Out A Growing System Still Discoveries to Make People are still discovering and classifying organisms. Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new organisms are found that are so different from other known organisms that new classes, phyla, and so on must be formed.

Bellringer List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms Bellringer List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize the names on your list by style of music. Describe the categories you chose, and explain which bands might fit into more than one category. Record your responses in your notebook

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms Objectives Explain how classification developed as greater numbers of organisms became known. Describe the three domains. Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

Objectives Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya. Protista Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms Objectives Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya. Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae

How are Organisms Classified? According to their characteristics. Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms How are Organisms Classified? According to their characteristics. Adding New Classification Categories Scientists add categories that account for the different characteristics of different organisms.

One of the two kinds of prokaryotes. (Bacteria is the other.) Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Domain Archaea One of the two kinds of prokaryotes. (Bacteria is the other.) Prokaryotes Single-celled organisms with no nucleus. Most Archaea live in extreme environments, like hot springs

All bacteria are in this domain. Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Domain Bacteria All bacteria are in this domain. Bacteria are another kind of prokaryote. Found in soil, water, and even on and inside the human body.

The Domain Eukarya: Contains ALL organisms that have Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Domain Eukarya: Contains ALL organisms that have an organized nucleus and membrane-covered organelles.

Contains four kingdoms Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Domain Eukarya: Contains four kingdoms

The Domain Eukarya: has four kingdoms Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Domain Eukarya: has four kingdoms The Kingdom Protista Members of the kingdom Protista commonly called protists single-celled or simple multicelluar organisms. Protista contains many kinds of organisms, including protozoans, algae, and euglenoids (“tail-whippers”).

The Domain Eukarya, continued Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Domain Eukarya, continued 2.The Kingdom Fungi Multicellular organisms like molds and mushrooms are examples of the complex, multicelluar members of the kingdom Fungi. Fungi are not plants. They do not perform photosynthesis or eat food Instead, fungi absorb nutrients from substances in their surroundings.

Plants! The Kingdom Plantae Plants are organisms that are eukaryotic, Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Kingdom Plantae Plants! Plants are organisms that are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and make food through photosynthesis. Examples of Plantae: Sequoia trees, roses, grasses, ferns, etc. are all examples of members of the kingdom Plantae.

The Kingdom Animalia Animals! Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Kingdom Animalia Animals! The kingdom Animalia is also within the domain “Eukarya” Contains complex, multicellular organisms that Don’t have cell walls, Are usually able to move around, and Have specialized sense organs.

Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Kingdom Animalia Examples of Animalia Ants, beetles, lizards, fish, birds, apes, elephants, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Animalia. Simple Animals Most animals are able to move, but sponges, a simple animal, cannot move.

The Kingdom Animalia REMEMBER: Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms The Kingdom Animalia REMEMBER: Even “Simple” Organisms are incredibly complex, sophisticated organisms that the most-advanced human mind cannot duplicate.

Classification Concept Mapping Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. kingdom scientific name species order class taxonomy classification phylum family

Classification

Classification