Disorders of Children & Adolescents Discussion of those disorders first diagnosed or occurring during this period

Etiologic Factors Genetic (1st degree biological relative with disorder or family history of mental issues) Environmental Socioeconomic – neighborhood Family income Educational level of family members Parental divorce Combined factors

DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS Mental Retardation IQ 70 or below Mild to Profound Many behavior problems result from frustration with communication limitations Autistic Disorder (Pervasive) Severe impaired ability to socially interact and communicate with outside world Withdrawn, fantasy world, do not like touch Developmental Coordination Disorder Impaired development in motor coordination

LEARNING/COMMUNICATION DISORDERS Dyslexia Deficit in reading/written expression Normal to above-average intelligence Inability to process incoming sensory stimuli with correct interpretation Expressive Language Disorder Limited speech and vocabulary Difficulty learning new words or grammar Decreased ability to process incoming information Phonologic Disorder Inability to articulate sounds/syllables

BEHAVIOR DISORDERS Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsive behavior Disruption, inability to maintain focus Easily distracted Conduct Disorder Disruptive, destructive behavior Willful defiance, aggression, truancy, cruelty to animals

BEHAVIOR DISORDERS (cont.) Oppositional Defiant Disorder Negative, defiant, disobedient, hostile Argue incessantly without compromise Defiant refusal to obey rules or laws Vindictive, spiteful and resentful Suspension and expulsion from school

ANXIETY DISORDERS Separation Anxiety Disorder Severe anxiety when separated from love attachment figure Worry about harm to self/parent Fear of sleep without attachment person present Attention-demanding behavior Tourette’s (Tic) Disorder Sudden, repetitive, arrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or speech

ELIMINATION DISORDERS Encopresis Repeated episodes of fecal passage in inappropriate places Enuresis Repeated episodes of urine incontinence during day or night