Chapter XXXI The Cold War & Decolonization 1945-1975

Chapter Essential Questions What were the major threats to world peace during the Cold War? How were the experiences of Asia, Africa, & Latin America similar in this period? How did the rivalry between the Cold War superpowers affect the rest of the world?

The Cold War The United Nations Capitalism vs. Communism Everyone invited Capitalism vs. Communism World Bank Marshall Plan EEC West vs. East in Europe & Korea NATO vs. Warsaw Pact United States’ Defeat in Vietnam “Unwinnable” war Containment The Race for Nuclear Supremacy Cuban Missile Crisis & Turkey

Decolonization & State Building New Nations in South & Southeast Asia Partition of British India The Struggle for Independence in Africa Most were negotiated, however some violent The Quest for Economic Freedom in Latin America Banana Republic (for real) Cuba

Beyond a Bipolar World The Third World Japan & China The Middle East Nonaligned nations Japan & China Great Leap Forward 100 Flower Movement Cultural Revolution The Middle East OPEC Emergence of Environmental Concerns Hippies?

Conclusion Cold War Tactics of the United States & Soviet Union Both countries attempted to influence new governments formerly occupied by Axis powers. Both tried to establish military alliances against the other Each side saw their conflict coming from irreconcilable differences in social & economic systems. Each also emphasized the corruption, injustice, & unfairness of the other Real combat between the United States & the Soviet Union did not materialize, but it was played out in distant civil wars & regional conflicts, with support provided by the superpowers

Cold War Era Nationalism Nationalism played a major role after WWII in the desire of colonized peoples to gain independence, obscuring the contest between the main opponents of the Cold War Some long-time colonial peoples such as India gained their independence, while similar sentiments in China led to the overthrow of an elite government seen as weak in relations with western powers Many of the independence movements in Africa, the Middle East, & the Caribbean operated as traditional struggles for sovereignty. In Latin America, where nations had already achieved independence, the desire was for economic independence & an end to foreign intervention Independence movements in Korea & Vietnam arose at the end of Japanese control. The Soviet Union & Communist China supported communist forces in those regions, while the United States committed large military forces to protect anti-communist forces