Turkish Foreign Policy

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Presentation transcript:

Turkish Foreign Policy 1960-1980

Turkish Foreign Policy 1960’s Turkish Western orientation is still continuing. Bilateral relations with USA BUT Rising Anti-Americanism as a trend

Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Implications for Turkey?

Cyprus Issue and Johnson Letter 1878 Berlin Treaty ENOSIS vs TAKSIM Turmoil of the 1950s Archbishop Makarios

Cyprus Issue and Johnson Letter 1959: London-Zurich Agreements 1960: Treaty of Guarantee 1960: Republic of Cyprus and Constitution

Cyprus Issue and Johnson Letter Makarios’ proposals for the constitutional changes (Akritas Plan) Increasing violence in Cyprus in 1963. 1964: Johnson Letter Inonu: “A new world order will shape and Turkey will find its position in it”

Search for a New Foreign Policy Strategy Changing International Context D’etente after Cuban Missile Crisis in the world. “Peaceful Coexistence” proposed by Kruschev Increasing economic help of Soviet Union to many countries. Increasing relations of France and Germany towards Eastern European Countries. Rising Anti-Americanism and internal problems of USA due to Vietnam War.

Multi-dimensional Foreign Policy Increasing relations with the Middle East Turkey supported Palestine in Arab-Israeli conflict During Arab-Israeli War of 1967 Turkey did not allow the use of the bases and facilities in Turkey to help Israel. (Again in 1973) Turkish officials continued to declare the US and NATO facilities in Turkey not available for non-NATO military actions in the Gulf or elsewhere in the Middle-East without prior Turkish approval. Nixon Doctrine (1968) –Twin Pillars Policy

Multi-dimensional Foreign Policy Economic Reasons Oil crisis and necessity of oil for Turkish industry.

Cyprus Intervention 1974 Military coup in Greece in 1967 “Enosis desirable but not feasible.”-Makarios 1974-Greek Junta overthrow Makarios Cyprus Intervention in 1974

Cyprus Issue Till 1983 UN negotiations In 1983-Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus declared independence.

Reactions Reactions to Cyprus Intervention 1975-78 US Embargo Turkey searched for support especially from the Arab countries Turkey recognised PLO and PLO opened an office in Ankara. Problems with the EEC (today EU)