1. Conflict
Review #9

2. World War I Causes WWI Effects Militarism (Industrial Rev.) Alliances
Germany blamed Treaty of Versailles  Depression Hitler/WWII
New countries in Eastern Europe
League of Nations created but very weak
Mandates created in Middle East
Nationalist movements
Militarism (Industrial Rev.)
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Assassination of archduke Francis Ferdinand in the Balkan powder keg by Serbian nationalist
Europe

3. World War II Causes WWII Effects 1939-1945 Appeasement
League of Nations weak
Great Depression weakens capitalist democracies
Treaty of Versailles punished Central Powers
Fascist dictators rise to power
Germany and Japan are occupied and controlled by U.S., Western Europe
Europe’s economies ruined, lose grip on colonies
U.S. vs Soviet Union (CW)
Nuclear Age
Eastern Europe conquered and controlled by Stalin (Iron Curtain)
Geneva Conventions, Universal Decl. of Human Rights
United Nations created, stronger than the L of N

4. Cold War Causes Effects End of WWII Superpowers: U.S. and U.S.S.R.
Division of Berlin & Germany (Yalta Conference)
NATO & Warsaw Pact
Arms Race (nuclear proliferation)
Space Race
Korean War,
Cuban Missile Crisis
Vietnam War,
Détente,
Fall of Berlin Wall, 1989
Collapse of Communism
End of WWII
Superpowers: U.S. and U.S.S.R.
Conflict of ideologies (Communism vs. capitalism/democracy)

5. Human Rights Violations
Ukraine
South Africa
Rwanda
Stalin implements Five Year Plan and collective farms 
Kulaks (wealthy, industrialized farmers) in Ukraine protest 
Forced famine
The state sets high quotas a takes food grown
Imperialism = white control of South Africa
Apartheid in South Africa (separation of the races)  blacks can’t vote, public facilities separated
Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu use civil disobedience to end it
Berlin Conference (1884) causes ethnic conflict 
Hutu extremists attack Tutsi minorities 
1 million dead in 100 days 
UN involvement
Mass migration from Rwanda

6. Human Rights Violations
Cambodia
Myanmar
Sudan
American forces leave Vietnam 
Communist rebels in the Khmer Rouge under Pol Pot come to power
Slaughtered over one million Cambodians to rid Cambodia of Western influence
Fighting continued until the 1990s
Repressive military takes over when British leave 
Struggles with poverty and ethnic tensions
Aung San Suu Kyi has led a democratic movement against military rule
Won recent elections under international pressure
Arab Muslims (janjaweed) attacking Black Muslims in Darfur (South Sudan) 
Refugee crisis as people flee Darfur
Sudan rich in oil = no U.N. intervention
Country now divided into N & S, still violence today

7. Modern Crisis in the Middle East
Secular vs. Traditional
Palestine/ Israel
The 21st Century
Islamic Fundamentalism (struggle between Western/ Technology ideas and traditional Islam
Examples: Iranian Revolution with rise of Ayatollah Khomeini
Taliban in Afghanistan
Anti-Semitism throughout world 
Created Israel in 1947 as homeland to Jews 
Desire for homeland = Jewish and Arab nationalism
Extremists preventing peace process from both sides
2 state solution?
9/11 attacks led to increase US presence in Middle East (Iraq and Afghanistan)
Led to women’s rights but more anti-West sentiments