Body Systems Kline

Integumentary System External covering of the body (skin) Waterproofs body Cushions/Protects internal tissues Excretes salts/urea in perspiration Regulates body temp Contains temp, pressure, and pain receptors

Skeletal System Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints Supports body Framework for attached muscles to cause movement Protects internal organs (like the brain and rib cavity) Hematopoiesis – formation of blood cells, takes place within the skeletal cavity Hard substance of bones stores minerals (like calcium)

Muscular system Muscles contract or shorten to provide movement “Machines” of the body Skeletal muscles provide movement and are distinct from other muscles like the heart and hollow organs (like one the move blood, urine, food, etc.)

Nervous System The bodies control system Consists of brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors The body reacts to external stimuli (sound, light, heat) The body reacts to internal stimuli (decreased oxygen levels, amount of nutrients) Body must react to stimuli with electrical signals called nerve impulses Body responds by activating appropriate body effectors

Endocrine system Produces hormones and releases them into the blood Endocrine glands – pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, testes Endocrine glands are not all connected, they just share the same function, which is they all secrete hormones

Cardiovascular system Includes heart and blood vessels Uses blood to transport fluid carrying oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and other important substances Blood contains White Blood Cells (WBC) to protect against bacteria, viruses, toxins, and other invaders Blood is pumped out of the heart to the tissues of the body

Lymphatic system Includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, and tonsils Returns leaked fluid from blood back to the blood system so that the blood can continue to circulate throughout the body Lymph nodes clean blood House cells involved in immunity

Respiratory system Supplies the body with oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide Includes nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs Lungs contain tiny air sacs (alveoli) that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Digestive System A long tube that runs through the body from mouth to anus Includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, excretes waste Foods are broken down from the mouth to the small intestines Large intestine reclaims water Liver produces bile that breaks down fats Pancreas produces digestive enzymes for small intestine

Urinary system Removes wastes created by the body Waste containing nitrogen (urea and uric acid) result from the break down of proteins and nucleic acids Nitrogen is removed through urine Also called the excretory system Includes kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra Maintains the body’s water and salt (electrolyte) balance Regulates pH of blood

Reproductive System Exists to produce offspring Testes – sperm Other male organs – scrotum, penis, accessory glands, duct system Ovaries – eggs Other female organs – uterine tubes, uterus, vagina Uterus – site of fetal development