EFA Global Monitoring Report Education and international development Why research matters Pauline Rose, 29 September 2011

Why research matters (for the EFA Global Monitoring Report) Evidence needed to hold governments and international aid donors to account for achieving Education for All: Show progress (or otherwise) towards EFA goals Understand processes holding back progress Identify policies and strategies to reach the goals AND, more broadly, ensure education is given a central place on the development agenda

Education progress is slowing Current projections - 48 million children out of school in 2015, and real numbers could be much higher Out-of-school children (millions) Out-of-school children 20 40 60 80 100 120 106 million Rest of the World 4 Latin America and the Caribbean 9 Arab States 11 East Asia and the Pacific 29 18 8 6 3 67 million South and West Asia Latin America and the Caribbean 48 million 37 million Arab States East Asia and the Pacific Sub-Saharan Africa 42 million 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 1999 2008

Aid to basic education has been static Disbursements of aid to basic education stopped increasing in 2008 – US$4.7 billion Aid disbursements to education (constant 2008 US$ billions) 12 11.7 11.4 10.6 10 9.6 8.5 8.1 8 6.4 6 4 4.7 4.7 2 4.2 3.0 3.3 3.8 2.4 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total aid to basic education Total aid to education

Aid to basic education has been static Pakistan Angola 21 of the world’s poorest developing countries that spend more on military budgets than primary education 10% of their military spending could put 9.5 million children into school Chad Guinea - Bissau Afghanistan Kyrgyzstan Burundi Mauritania D. R. Congo Bangladesh Ethiopia Togo Yemen Uganda Vietnam Burkina Faso Mali Nepal Sierra Leone Cambodia C. A. R. Gambia Cote d'Ivoire Madagascar Kenya Senegal U. R. Tanzania 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ratio of military to primary education expenditure

Spending priorities: Education versus military US$1029 billion Total annual military spending by rich countries 6 number of days of military spending needed to close the EFA funding gap

Spending priorities don’t match citizen priorities in humantarian situations Humanitarian aid in 2009 Education received only 2% of all US$ Million funding. 2% And has the smallest share of requests funded

Nigeria: education inequalities remain wide 14 (2003) Somalia Chad Bangladesh Cameroon Honduras Indonesia Bolivia Cuba Ukraine 12 10 years 10.3 years 9.7 years Rich, rural boys Urban Rural 10 Rich, urban boys Richest 20% Rich, rural girls Boys 8 Girls Average number of years of schooling Nigeria 6.7 years 6.4 years Poor, urban boys 6 4 Education poverty Poorest 20% 3.5 years 3.3 years Poor, rural girls 2.6 years 2 Extreme education poverty Rural Hausa Poor, rural Hausa girls 0.5 years 0.3 years

Egypt: challenges at both ends of the education spectrum

Conflict reinforces education inequality Democratic Republic of Congo Poorest 20% female Poor females are most likely to miss out on an education in conflict zones 40% Poorest 20% male North Kivu 30% Population aged 17-22 with fewer than 2 years of education 20% Richest 20% male 10% 0%

Educating women saves lives The education dividend could save 1.8 million lives 4.4 million 4.2 million 2.6 million Under 5 deaths in sub-Saharan Africa …if all women had primary education …if all women had secondary education

Education enhances equality

Education improves HIV awareness

Conclusion Research matters to ensure progress towards EFA, and to shape the agenda beyond 2015

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