2. Forum of African Parliamentarians for Education Eighth Conference of Ministers of Education of African Member States November 28 – December 6, 2002 Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania EDUCATION FOR ALL: IS AFRICA ON TRACK? John Daniel Assistant Director-General for Education UNESCO

3. The 2002 Global Monitoring Report Education for All: is the world on track? (an independent report on the evolution of education indicators, planning, resource requirements, and donor performance on commitments)

4. EDUCATION FOR ALL: IS AFRICA ON TRACK? - Why Education for All (EFA)?

5. EDUCATION FOR ALL: IS AFRICA ON TRACK? - Why Education for All (EFA)? - What is Education for All?

6. EDUCATION FOR ALL: IS AFRICA ON TRACK? - Why Education for All (EFA)? - What is Education for All? - Where has Africa got to?

7. EDUCATION FOR ALL: IS AFRICA ON TRACK? - Why Education for All (EFA)? - What is Education for All? - Where has Africa got to? - How is the process going?

8. José Marti : “All people, when they arrive on earth, have a right to be educated; and then in return, they have the obligation to educate others.”

9. José Marti : “To educate is to give people the keys to the world, which are independence and love; granting them the ability to walk alone, at the happy pace which is that of natural and free individuals.”

10. HUMAN RIGHT WHY EDUCATION?

11. HUMAN RIGHT FREEDOM WHY EDUCATION?

12. DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM Amartya Sen ‘the removal of the various types of unfreedoms that leave people with little choice and little opportunity of exercising their reasoned agency’

13. DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM Amartya Sen Freedom has: - a constitutive role

14. DEVELOPMENT AS FREEDOM Amartya Sen Freedom has: - a constitutive role - an instrumental role

15. HUMAN RIGHT FREEDOM DEVELOPMENT WHY EDUCATION?

16. EDUCATION FOR ALL: IS AFRICA ON TRACK? - Why Education for All (EFA)? - What is Education for All?

17. GET EQUAL

18. G GET EQUAL G = Girls and Gender gender “to eliminate gender disparities in primary and secondary education by 2005 gender and achieve gender equality by 2015 girls with a special focus on ensuring full and equal access for girls to basic education of good quality.”

19. E GET EQUAL E = Elementary/Primary “to ensure that by 2015 all children, especially girls, children in difficult circumstances, and from ethnic minorities have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of good quality.”

20. T GET EQUAL T = Training “to ensure that the learning needs of all young people are met through equitable access to appropriate learning and life skills programmes.”

21. E GET EQUAL E = Early Childhood early childhood “to expand and improve comprehensive early childhood care and education, especially for the most vulnerable and disadvantaged children.”

22. QU GET EQUAL QU = Quality quality “to improve all aspects of the quality of education to achieve recognised and measurable learning outcomes for all – especially in literacy, numeracy and essential life skills.”

23. AL GET EQUAL AL = Adult Literacy adult literacy “to achieve a 50 per cent improvement in levels of adult literacy by 2015, especially for women, as well as equitable access to basic and continuing education for adults.”

24. EDUCATION FOR ALL: IS AFRICA ON TRACK? - Why Education for All (EFA)? - What is Education for All? - Where has Africa got to?

25. The 2002 Global Monitoring Report Education for All: is the world on track? (an independent report on the evolution of education indicators, planning, resource requirements, and donor performance on commitments)

26. This report has shown that progress towards the six Dakar goals is insufficient: the world is not on track to achieve education for all by 2015. This judgement is based on a number of strands of evidence. …Three of the goals – universal primary education, gender equality and literacy – can presently be monitored quantitatively. Only 83 countries (accounting for just over one-third of the world’s population) have already achieved the three goals or have a high chance of doing so by 2015 on the basis of recent trends. In 43 countries (with 37% of the world’s population), at least one goal is likely to be missed, while a further28 countries (with 28% of the world’s population) are not on track to achieve any of them. Two thirds of those in the latter category are in sub- Saharan Africa, but they also include India and Pakistan. EFA Global Monitoring Report, 2002

27. Of the three goals, literacy most frequently risks not being met: at present rate of progress, 79 countries will not be able to halve their rate of adult illiteracy by 2015. Universal primary education is unlikely to be reached in 57 countries, 41 of which have recently even been moving in the wrong direction. The position is slightly better as regards the gender goals, with 86 countries having already achieved gender parity in primary enrolments, and a further 35 countries being close to doing so. EFA Global Monitoring Report, 2002

28. “…believing… in the unrestricted pursuit of objective truth, and in the free exchange of ideas and knowledge, we…” UNESCO Constitution 1946

29. Changes between 1990-2000 DYNAMIC STATIC Distance from the goal

30. Changes between 1990-2000 DYNAMIC STATIC Distance from the goal CLOSE FAR

31. Changes between 1990-2000 DYNAMIC STATIC Distance from the goal FORWARD BACKWARD

32. Changes between 1990-2000 DYNAMIC STATIC Distance from the goal High chance Close and Going Forward High chance Close and Going Forward Serious risk Far and Going Backward At Risk Close but Going Backward Low Chance Far but Going Forward

33. Away from goal Towards goal Changes between 1990-2000 Distance from 100% NER in 1999 Far NER <80% Close NER 80% - 99% Insufficient progressHigh chance Serious riskInsufficient progress PRIMARY EDUCATION (Africa – where data available) Botswana, Gabon, Mauritius. At risk Algeria, Libya, Rwanda, Seychelles, Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda High Chance Burundi, Central African Republic, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia. Serious risk Benin, Burkina, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Dem.Rep.Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Low chance

34. Away from goal Towards goal Changes between 1990-2000 Distance from goal (GPI = 1) in 2000 Far Close or there GPI 1.1 GPI >0.9 and <1.1 GENDER PARITY - PRIMARY (Africa – where data available) High Chance Algeria, Botswana, Congo, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Namibia, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zimbabwe. Low Chance Benin, Burkina, CAR, Chad, Comoros, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, India, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo. At Risk Madagascar, South Africa, Swaziland, Serious Risk Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Mozambique

35. Slow performer Fast performer Changes between 1990-2000 Level of Adult Literacy in 2000 Low 70% - <95% LITERACY (Africa where data available) At Risk Botswana, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Ghana, Lesotho, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia Serious Risk Algeria, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, DR of Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Togo, Uganda Low Chance High Chance Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Libya, Zimbabwe

36. Dakar Composite: Primary, Literacy, Gender Parity Group E9 High Chance Brazil Mexico Insufficient Bangladesh Egypt China Indonesia At Risk India Nigeria Pakistan

37. Dakar Composite: Primary, Literacy, Gender Parity Group Sub- Saharan Africa High Chance Congo Gabon Kenya Rwanda Seychelles Zimbabwe Insufficient Botswana Cape Verde Côte d’Ivoire Gambia Ghana Lesotho Malawi Mauritius Namibia South Africa Swaziland Togo Uganda UR of Tanzania At Risk Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Central African Rep. Chad Comoros Dem.Rep.Congo Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Madagascar Mali Mozambique Niger Nigeria Senegal Zambia

38. EDUCATION FOR ALL: IS AFRICA ON TRACK? - Why Education for All (EFA)? - What is Education for All? - Where has Africa got to? - How is the process going?

39. … only 22 specially prepared EFA plans will be completed by the end of 2002. However, there are a good number of other countries where Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) processes have produced new documents of substance. In 15 of the 16 full PRSPs examined, education goals were explicitly incorporated into the analysis. Yet these documents usually fall well short of an integrated plan. EFA Global Monitoring Report 2002, p. 188

40. “Although the Dakar requirement to produce EFA plans is wisely being interpreted in context-specific ways by most countries, the external demands for PRSPs, sector plans, comprehensive EFA plans and, in some cases, Fast-Track proposals, amount to a very demanding agenda.” EFA Global Monitoring Report 2002, p. 189

41. The Dakar promise “no countries seriously committed to education for all will be thwarted in their achievement of this goal by lack of resources”

42. “Representatives of the international donor community… have agreed to help seven developing countries – Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Mauritania, Nicaragua and Niger – to make their education plans a reality. Work is now proceeding with these countries to build the required capacity, and to close a financing gap estimated at approximately US$400 million over the next three years (2003-05).”

43. Burkina Faso Ethiopia Gambia Ghana Guinea Mauritania Fast-Track countries (Africa) Mozambique Niger Uganda Tanzania Zambia

44. CONCLUSIONS 1.EFA is a challenge for Africa 2. The world is ready to help