2. EDUCATION FOR ALL 2000-2015: Achievements and Challenges BELLA Nicole Launch Paris, 9 April 2015

3. EFA Goal 1: Early childhood care and education are still limited Programmes for early childhood care and education remain a luxury for millions of children  1 in 4 children under the age of 5 were stunted in 2013  Only 47% of countries have reached a high level GER (pre-primary gross enrolment ratio) of at least 80%

4. EFA Goal 2: Universal primary education This was the most prominent and visible of the EFA goals However, just over half of countries have reached universal primary enrolment 13 countries, so only 12%, have truly reached universal primary education

5. EFA Goal 3: Youth and adult skills  In 2012, 63 million adolescents were still out of school, equal to 17% of the concerned age group  Only 1/3 of countries have achieved universal lower secondary education  If trends continue, universal lower secondary completion will only be achieved towards the end of this century

6. EFA Goal 4: Adult Literacy Progress towards EFA’s fourth goal has been slower than improvements in other goals, especially in terms of gender disparity The global adult illiteracy rate will have fallen by only 23% by 2015, far short of the 50% target. Only a quarter of countries reduced their adult illiteracy rates by 50%

7. EFA Goal 5: Gender parity for boys and girls Another prominent EFA goal that should have been achieved in 2005 A third of countries did not reach gender parity in primary education; more than half did not in secondary Gender parity remains even more elusive

8.  The learning crises continues: at least 250 million children have not learned basic skills  Shortage of teachers: pupil/teacher ratios exceed 40:1 in sub-Saharan Africa  Shortage of trained teachers is even more evident: less than 75% of teachers in 1/3 of countries  Lack of teaching materials and resources Goal 6: Quality of education

9. Conflict: a major obstacle in education Reasons for failure: persistent inequality, conflict situations Location, HIV/AIDS, ethnicity, handicap, child labour, and other factors contribute to marginalisation In 1999, 30% of out-of-school children were living in conflict-effected zones, in 2012 36% Poverty: the poorest children, especially girls, are 4 times less likely to go to school than the richest, and are 5 times less likely to complete primary education

10. Education has not always been a priority in many government budgets Aid to education fell by US$1.3 billion between 2010 and 2012 Reasons for failure: insufficient commitment to financing 6.5 8.6 8.9 9.8 10.9 12.0 11.8 13.9 13.0 12.6 2.6 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.9 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.5 5.1 5.2 Total aid to post-secondary education 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.9 2.5 2.4 2.2 2.3 Total aid to secondary education 2.9 3.2 3.5 4.1 4.4 5.0 5.1 6.0 5.7 5.1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 20022003200420052006200720082009201020112012 Constant 2012US$ billions Total aid to basic education Source: OECD-DAC, 2014 Only 2% of aid to basic education went to pre-primary education US$ 22 billion, the amont of the annual external funding gap

11. Certainly the goals were missed, but there is much to celebrate There are 84 million fewer out-of-school children and adolescents, 52 million of these are girls Two-thirds more children are enrolled in pre-primary education Drop in child mortality rates of nearly 50%, and of 40% in the proportion of children suffering from stunting Reduction in gender disparity More available teachers, more national learning assessments, learning improvements, more financing for education at a national level

12. Voluntary, creative and targeted policies to accelerate progress  Policies to expand access to education  Compulsory education (pre-primary, primary secondary)  Reduction in the cost of education (abolition of schools fees, redistribution policies- fund transfer)  Policies to promote gender equity and equality  Legislative reforms (gender mainstreaming in education policies and plans)- (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia)  Recruitment of teachers (Afghanistan, Benin, Morocco, Niger)  Inclusion of gender in school curricula  Improvement of school infrastructure (water, sanitation)  Addressing school violence (Brazil, Peru)  Policies to improve the quality of education  Teacher training (Nepal)  Improve teacher status (Indonesia, Singapore)  Multilingual policies (Ethiopia, Senegal)  Decentralised education governance (Benin, Chad, Congo, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Chad)

13. Recommendations 1. Fulfil the incomplete EFA agenda 2. Make equity a central topic in the post-2015 agenda 3. Define future targets that are specific, relevant and realistic for an effective monitoring 4. Tackle the financing gap, which is presently estimated at US$ 22 billion per year

14. www.efareport.unesco.org Blog: efareport.wordpress.com #EduVerdict / @efareport