Workers of the Nation Unite

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Presentation transcript:

Workers of the Nation Unite

How are the workers exploited by big business? Average laborer works 12 hrs./day and 6 days/week Men often work 7 days/week No benefits No vacation, sick leave, unemployment compensation, or injury benefits 1882 = 675 factory workers are killed each week Poor working conditions Fired for no reason Blacklisted, Lockouts

How are women and children treated in industry? Wages are so low that most women and children must work to survive 20% of children under 12 work full time Youngest full time employee is only 4 Children earn an average of $0.02/hr. Women earn ½ as much as their male counterparts

What is the worker’s response to labor exploitation? Labor Unions Emerge - Unions represent the 1st multi-gender, multi-racial, mutli-class organizations in the U.S.

Early Unions Trade Unions – Workers that perform the same skill – craft workers Industrial Unions – All the workers in the same industry

Knights of Labor – 1889 Terence Powderly Open to all people…no exceptions - men, women, African Americans “An injury to one is a concern for all” American Federation of Labor (AFL)- Organized in 1886 by Samuel Gompers Denied unskilled workers, women, African Americans & immigrants Both Fought for higher wages, shorter hours & benefits for disabled

What movement branches off of the labor unions? Socialism The exploitation of the workers and the accumulation of the wealth by the rich causes tension Eugene Debs and the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World aka “the Wobblies”) push for national socialism No distinction between skilled and unskilled workers

When Unions and Companies can’t agree? Strikes…when workers voluntarily refuse to work Haymarket Square Riot 1886 - 1,200 protest in Chicago Wanted an 8hr workday. Over 400 strikers and 4 police are killed during riots Homestead Strike 1892 – steel workers. Several killed. Scabs (replacement workers) are used for the first time Pullman Strike 1894– Company refused to listen to railway workers’ grievances about living in company towns. President Cleveland sent in troops and asked the courts to issue an injunction (court order ending a strike), jails Debs, & has all strikers fired