Organic Compounds “Building Blocks of Life” Goal 2.01

Organic Chemistry Organic= contains carbon (C) Structures: C is a common element in food & your body When C atoms bond & form large compounds they make macromolecules (100-1000’s C’s) Example: C-C-C + C-C-C + C-C-C + = C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C Monomer polymer (i.e. Macromolecule) -For anything to be considered as organic it contains carbon (a carbon backbone) -There are 3 types of structures that an organic molecule can have -What we are going to be studying are macromolecules and to understand them you need to know what they are made up from -a bunch of small carbon compounds (monomer) come together & bond to form a polymer -which is a macromolecule -the different monomers that come together to form a polymer is what makes different macromolecules

4 Classes of Organic Compounds (Biomolecules) Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

I. Carbohydrates (end in –ose) Soln. = Solution Quick Energy Function for life: ______________________ Sub-unit (Building Blocks): ______________ Positive Test in Lab: ___________________ ____________________________________ Examples: ___________________________ Structure: Monosaccharide Benedict’s soln.-Monosaccharides Iodine soln.-Starch (Large Carb.) Sugars-Glucose, Starch and Cellulose in plants, Glycogen in animals. Contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen Ring-like Shape

Examples of Carbohydrates Glucose (1 sub-unit)

II. Proteins (Enzymes end in-ase) Catalyst, Speeds up chemical Reactions , Breaks chemical bonds andTransports nutrients Function for life: ______________________ Sub-unit (Building Blocks): ______________ Positive Test in Lab: ___________________ Examples: ___________________________ Structure: Amino Acids Biuret’s soln. Enzymes, Insulin, Hemoglobin, hormones Made of C, H, O and Nitrogen. Made of long Chains of Amino Acids that are folded into Shapes that determine their specific role. Like a Pearl necklace

Examples of Proteins Enzyme Insulin Hemoglobin

III. Lipids Function for life: ______________________ Insulation (warmth) and Long-term energy, make up membranes Function for life: ______________________ Sub-unit (Building Blocks): ______________ Positive Test in Lab: ___________________ Examples: ___________________________ Structure: Glycerol back-bone and Fatty acids Brown Paper Test Fats and Oils and Phospholipids Contains C, H and O. Looks like the letter E !

IV. Nucleic Acids Function for life: ______________________ Store and Transport Genetic Information, make Proteins Function for life: ______________________ Sub-unit (Building Blocks): ______________ Positive Test in Lab: ___________________ ___________________ Examples: ___________________________ ____________________________________ Structure: Nucleotides DNA Fingerprint, Gel Electrophoresis DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA Ribonucleic Acid Contains C, O, H, N and Phosphorous Looks like a house, powerline And driveway!

Examples of Nucleic Acids DNA Phosphate Nitrogenous Base Carbohydrate