HOW TO MAKE AN ORAL PRESENTATION

BEFORE THE PRESENTATION Planning: Think about 3 wh- questions: WHY?--- Objectives (What is your aim? to inform, to persuade or to entertain?) WHO? --- Audience (Who is going to listen to you? Your friends, your boss, your customers?) WHAT? ---Content (What are you going to talk about?)

Outlining I. Making an Oral Presentation A. Before the Presentation 1. Planning 2. Outlining 3. Using Visual Aids 4. Rehearsing B. During the Presentation 1. Delivery a. Introduction b. Main Body c. Conclusion 2. Language 3. Holding attention C. After the Presentation 1. Questions and Answers 2. Thanking

Using Visual Aids

Rehearsing Talk in front of a friend/family member Become more familiar with what you want to say Do not use words you do not understand! Identify your weaknesses Check your timing

DURING THE PRESENTATION This is the Main Body part. While delivering your presentation: Use the same organizational points necessary in a formal letter or report Make eye-contact Use a simple and clear language Use linking words and signalling words

Delivery Explain the parts of your talk: Introduction Main Body Conclusion Question & Answer Session

There is no second chance for a good first impression! Introduction Inform the audience about what you are going to talk. Remember: There is no second chance for a good first impression! During the introduction you need to achieve the following aims: Gain Attention Attract Interest Create Desire Stimulate Action

While introducing your topic: Build credibility Arouse interest by: Making a startling statement Using a quotation Telling a short story Activating imagination Arranging a role-play Previewing

Getting started – Greeting the audience Some Useful Phrases: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to my presentation. It’s very nice to see you all here today. Can we get started? Let me say just a few words about my background...

Possible Introduction Scheme: 1. Start with welcoming courtesies / introduce yourself 2. State the purpose of your talk 3. Give a route map (Tell them how long your presentation will take) 4. Give the rules (Do you allow to be interrupted or should your audience keep questions until the end?)

Some Useful Phrases What I want to do this morning is to ….. My talk will take about 15 minutes. During my presentation, I’m going to be focusing on four main areas. If you have any questions, or comments you’d like to make, please don’t hesitate to stop me.

Language matters: Spoken vs. Written Style Tell things in a simple and understandable way. Make your language as clear as you can. Adapt and simplify the written text to make it easier for your audience to follow you.

Make your sentences short and simple. KISS principle: Keep it Simple Stupid. Use active verbs instead of passive verbs.

Signposting I’d like to... Let’s consider.. Let me now turn to... To go back for a moment... Let’s take a look at.. Give signals to your audience to know where they are and what is coming next. They know it because you tell them by giving signposts at the beginning and all along the way. This technique is called 'signposting' or 'signalling'.

Singposting Singposting is the halmark of the language of presentations. The more you use the signposting phrases, the lighter and easier the language becomes. Singposting phrases will help you lead your audience; they will know where you are going.

Example: Good afternoon everybody. I’d like to thank you all for coming here today and listen to me. I hope by the end of the day you will leave with a knowledge of … If you would like to take notes, please do so. However, all of you will be given a handout at the end of my presentation.

Example: “I'll start by describing my interviewee’s career. Then I'll move on to some of the achievements he has made in the sector. After that I'll give information about the questions I asked him during the interview and the answers he gave. Lastly, I'll quickly recap before concluding with some recommendations."

Example: I am going to talk today about a marketing expert by the name of … with whom had an interview. Now, the main purpose of my talk is to outline the interview I held with this professional…

Example: Before doing so, I would like you to look at some general features which I hope you will find encouraging. Then I’ll move on to … Let’s look at some figures. I’ll put them on the screen now. As you can see…

Conclusion When you come to the end of your presentation you need to indicate this to the people. Don’t just end up abruptly without giving a conclusion.

Follow this scheme: summarise facts give recommendations give proposals Thank the audience Invite questions

Ending your talk : Useful Phrases Wrapping up This brings me to the end of my presentation. Let me just run over the key points again… To sum up briefly… To conclude … As we’ve seen… So, my recommendation is …. I would welcome any suggestions.

Thanking the audience & Inviting questions Thank you for your attention and if you have any questions I’ll be pleased to answer them. I’ll be happy to answer any questions. Are there any questions you’d like to ask?

PRACTICE PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT! Prepare everything: words, visual aids, timing, equipment. Rehearse your presentation several times and time it. Is it the right length? Are you completely familiar with all your illustrations? Are they in the right order? Can you give good comments to your visuals? How will you answer difficult questions? Do you know the room? Are you confident about the equipment? When you have answered all these questions, you will become more confident .

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