Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates no backbone

What is an Animal? Heterotrophic Eukaryotic Multicellular No Cell walls Most move-mobile Most do sexual reproduction 95% = invertebrates (no backbone) video 5% Vertebrates (backbone) video

Animals Vertebrates: have backbones Phylum Chordates 8 Different Phylums Porifera (Sponges) - SIMPLEST Cnidaria (Stinging Cells) Platyhelmenthes (Flatworms) Nematoda (Roundworms) Annelida (Segmented worms) Mollusca (soft-bodied animals) Arthropoda (Jointed-leg) – 85% of all species because they include insects. Echinodermata (Spiny-skin) Vertebrates: have backbones Phylum Chordates Invertebrates: do not have a backbone

Seven Essential Functions of Animals Feeding - Respiration - Circulation - Excretion - Response - Movement - Reproduction -

Feeding Herbivore - eat plants Carnivores - eat animals Omnivore - eat plants and animals Detritivore - Feed on decaying organic material Filter Feeders - aquatic animals that strain food from water Parasite - lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship) 1 way digestive tract – food and waste both enter and leave through same opening. 2 way digestive tract – mouth and anus.

Respiration Take in O2 and release Co2 Organs have a large surface area so gas exchange can take place. Lungs – gas exchange Gills – feathery structures exposed to water for gas exchange. Diffusion through moist skin for gas exchange

Circulation All cells require a constant supply of oxygen as well as remove metabolic waste. Very small animals rely on diffusion. Larger animals have a circulatory system Blood is moved through 1 or more hearts. Open or closed circulatory system.

Circulation Open circulatory system Blood is only partially contained within a system of blood vessels. Blood gets pumped into a system of sinuses or cavities. Characteristic of Arthropods and Mollusks. Closed circulatory system Blood vessels extend throughout the body.

Response Receptor cells = respond to sound, light, external stimuli Nerve cells (neurons) = nervous system More complex animals have a concentration of nerve cells in the head.

Movement Most animals are mobile (can move) Some are sessile – attached-no movement Muscles usually work with a skeleton. Endoskeleton – inside the body, provide support and protection. Exoskeleton – hard, outside body covering made of chitin.

Reproduction Most reproduce sexually- genetic diversity Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually - to increase their numbers quickly. Binary fission video Budding video Fragmentation

Trends in Animal Evolution Cell specialization and levels of organization increase with complexity. Cells with specific tasks Cells-> Tissues-> Organs->Organ Systems->Organism

The cells differentiate into three layers Endoderm - Mesoderm - Ectoderm -

Body Symmetry The body plan of an animal - how the parts are arranged Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges) Radial symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) Bilateral symmetry - has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats) – mirror images

Bilateral symmetry Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head) The more complex, the more pronounced the cephalization Anterior- toward the head Posterior- toward the tail Dorsal- back side Ventral- belly side Segmentation- advanced organisms have body segments and specialization of tissue