The Colonies Develop, 1700–1753 The American colonies developed economically and socially during the first half of the 18th century. A colonial blacksmith (late 18th century). NEXT

The Colonies Develop, 1700–1753 SECTION 1 New England: Commerce and Religion SECTION 2 The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities SECTION 3 The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery SECTION 4 The Backcountry NEXT

New England: Commerce and Religion Section 1 New England: Commerce and Religion Fishing and trade contributed to the growth and prosperity of the New England Colonies. NEXT

New England: Commerce and Religion 1 SECTION New England: Commerce and Religion Distinct Colonial Regions Develop • Between 1700—1750, colonial population doubles, then doubles again • 3 regions: New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies • Backcountry—region along Appalachian Mountains Continued . . . NEXT

• Several factors make each colonial region distinct 1 SECTION continued Distinct Colonial Regions Develop • Several factors make each colonial region distinct • New England—cold weather, rocky soil; mostly English settlers • Middle Colonies—short winters, fertile soil; settlers from all over Europe • Southern Colonies—warm climate; good soil; use enslaved African labor • Backcountry—climate, resources vary; many Scots-Irish NEXT

The Farms and Towns of New England 1 SECTION The Farms and Towns of New England • Subsistence farming—produce enough for themselves, little extra to trade • Short growing season causes New Englanders to do subsistence farming Image • Farmers live near town because plots of land sold to Puritan congregation • Congregation settles the town, divides land to members of church • In towns, farmhouses center around green—central square NEXT

1 SECTION Harvesting the Sea • Fishing provides great economic opportunity in New England • New England’s forest provides wood for ships • New England’s fish, timber become valuable trading articles • Coastal cities like Boston, Salem, New Haven, Newport grow rich NEXT

Atlantic Trade 1 • New England has three types of trade: SECTION Atlantic Trade • New England has three types of trade: - with other colonies - direct exchange of goods with Europe - triangular trade • Triangular trade has three stops: - in Africa, trade goods for slaves - in West Indies, trade slaves for sugar, molasses - take sugar, molasses back to New England Map Continued . . . NEXT

- use English ships or ships made in English colonies 1 SECTION continued Atlantic Trade • England passes Navigation Acts to get money from colonial trade (1651): - use English ships or ships made in English colonies - sell products only to England and its colonies - European imports to colonies must pass through English ports - English officials tax colonial goods not shipped to England Continued . . . NEXT

• Many colonial merchants ignore Navigational Acts 1 SECTION continued Atlantic Trade • Many colonial merchants ignore Navigational Acts • Importing or exporting goods illegally—smuggling—is common NEXT

African Americans in New England 1 SECTION African Americans in New England • Few slaves in New England; slavery not economical in region • Some people in town have slaves: house servants, cooks, gardeners • Some slaves hired out to work; they can keep portion of wages • Some enslaved persons save enough to buy freedom NEXT

Changes in Puritan Society 1 SECTION Changes in Puritan Society • In early 1700s, gradual decline of Puritan religion: - drive for economic success competes with Puritan ideas - increasing competition from other religious groups - legislation weakens Puritan community NEXT

The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities Section 2 The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities The people who settled in the Middle Colonies made a society of great diversity. NEXT

The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities 2 SECTION The Middle Colonies: Farms and Cities A Wealth of Resources • Immigrants from all over Europe come to Middle Colonies • Dutch and German farmers bring advanced agricultural methods • Long growing season, rich soil; grow cash crops—crops sold for money NEXT

The Importance of Mills 2 SECTION The Importance of Mills • Take corn, wheat, rye to gristmill—crush grain to make flour, meal Image • Use product to bake bread; gives colonists a lot of grain in their diet NEXT

The Cities Prosper 2 • Excellent harbors along coast ideal for cities SECTION The Cities Prosper • Excellent harbors along coast ideal for cities • Merchants in cities export cash crops, import manufactured goods • In Philadelphia trade thrives; wealth brings public improvement • Trade also causes rapid growth in New York City NEXT

2 SECTION A Diverse Region • Middle Colonies have remarkable diversity, or variety, of people • Diversity causes tolerance among people • Many Germans arrive (1710—1740); good farmers, craftspeople • German artisans, or craftspeople, are ironworkers; make glass, furniture • Build Conestoga wagons—good for rough terrain; use to settle West Image NEXT

2 SECTION A Climate of Tolerance • Dutch and Quakers practice religious tolerance • Quakers believe men and women are equal, have women preachers Image • Quakers protest slavery NEXT

African Americans in the Middle Colonies 2 SECTION African Americans in the Middle Colonies • 7 percent of Middle Colonies’ population are enslaved • In New York City, enslaved Africans do manual labor, assist artisans • City’s free African-Americans work as laborers, servants, sailors • Tensions lead to violence; in 1712, 24 slaves rebel; punished horribly NEXT

The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery Section 3 The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery The economy of the Southern Colonies relied heavily on slave labor. NEXT

The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery 3 SECTION The Southern Colonies: Plantations and Slavery The Plantation Economy • Soil, climate ideal for plantation crops; need a lot of workers to grow • Plantations self-sufficient; large cities rare in Southern Colonies • Growing plantation economy causes planters to use enslaved African labor NEXT

3 SECTION The Turn to Slavery • In mid-1600s, Africans and European indentured servants work fields • Indentured servants leave plantations and buy their own farms • Try to force Native Americans to work; they die of disease or run away • Planters use more enslaved African laborers Chart • By 1750, 235,000 enslaved Africans in America; 85 percent live in South Chart NEXT

3 SECTION Plantations Expand • Slavery grows, allows plantation farming to expand • Enslaved workers do back-breaking labor; make rice plantations possible • Eliza Lucas introduces indigo as a plantation crop • On high ground, planters grow indigo—plant that yields a blue dye NEXT

3 SECTION The Planter Class • Enslaved labor makes planters richer; planters form elite class • Small farmers cannot compete, move west • Planter class controls much land; gains economic, political power • Some planters are concerned about their enslaved workers’ welfare • Many planters are tyrants, abuse their enslaved workers NEXT

3 SECTION Life Under Slavery • Planters hire overseers to watch over and direct work of slaves Image • Enslaved workers do exhausting work 15 hours a day in peak harvest • Enslaved people live in small cabins, given meager food • Africans preserve customs and beliefs from their homeland NEXT

3 SECTION Resistance to Slavery • Africans fight against enslavement; purposely work slowly, damage goods • Stono Rebellion (1739): - 20 slaves kill several planter families - join other slaves, seek freedom in Spanish- held Florida - white militia captures rebellious slaves, executes them Continued . . . NEXT

• Slaves now forbidden from leaving plantations without permission 3 SECTION continued Resistance to Slavery • Stono and other rebellions lead planters to make slave codes stricter • Slaves now forbidden from leaving plantations without permission • Illegal for slaves to meet with free blacks NEXT

The Backcountry Section 4 Settlers moved to the Backcountry because land was cheap and plentiful. NEXT

The Backcountry Geography of the Backcountry 4 SECTION The Backcountry Geography of the Backcountry • Appalachian Mountains—eastern Canada south to Alabama • Backcountry in or near Appalachian Mountains • Begins at fall line—where waterfalls block movement farther upriver • Beyond fall line is piedmont—plateau leads to Appalachian range • Backcountry’s resources make farming possible NEXT

Backcountry Settlers 4 • First Europeans trade with Native Americans SECTION Backcountry Settlers • First Europeans trade with Native Americans • Then farmers follow, often clash with Native Americans • Farmers live in log cabins made of logs with mud, moss filling Image • Many farmers go to Backcountry to escape plantation system NEXT

4 SECTION The Scots-Irish • Scots-Irish come from the border area between Scotland and England • To escape hardships, Scots-Irish head to Backcountry • Form clans—large groups of families with a common ancestor • Clan members suspicious of outsiders, band together against danger NEXT

4 SECTION Backcountry Life • Backcountry farmers are isolated, depend on themselves • Hunt, fish, grow corn to feed families, livestock • Women work in cabins, fields; learn to use guns and axes NEXT

Other Peoples in North America 4 SECTION Other Peoples in North America • Native Americans live in Americas for thousands of years • France and Spain claim a lot of territory in North America • Spanish colonists bring horses to Americas; Native Americans start riding Image • Backcountry settlers often fight with Native Americans • French traders afraid English settlers will move west, take away trade • In 1718 Spaniards build fort to guard mission (later renamed the Alamo) NEXT

This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the HOME or EXIT button. NEXT

Print Slide Show Print Text Version 1. On the File menu, select Print 2. In the pop-up menu, select Microsoft PowerPoint If the dialog box does not include this pop-up, continue to step 4 3. In the Print what box, choose the presentation format you want to print: slides, notes, handouts, or outline 4. Click the Print button to print the PowerPoint presentation Print Text Version 1. Click the Print Text button below; a text file will open in Adobe Acrobat 2. On the File menu, select Print 3. Click the Print button to print the entire document, or select the pages you want to print Print Text Print Text BACK