Italian Renaissance

#1 Botticelli: Birth of Venus

Boticelli: Gift of Magi

#2 Michelangelo: David

Michelangelo: Sistine Chapel

#3 Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa

#4 Raphael: School of Athens

The Northern Renaissance: More Christian & stressed social reform based on Christian values (CHRISTIAN HUMANISM) Combined the best of classical & Christian cultures Education the key to social & moral reform for all levels of society. Blend of old & new with less emphasis on purely classical approach Christian Humanists - interested in the ;morally & ethically correct lifestyle Focused more of their interest on abuses of the clergy DID NOT rebel against the church, but wanted a deeper religion Developed an ethical way of life based on the classics - a guide for personal behavior Profound faith in human intellect - people can be improved, they are basically good

Northern Renaissance Art Lots of scenes of everyday life (Brueghel) Also religious scenes: end of the world scenes are popular (Bosch, Durer) portraits

#10 Brueghel – Dutch Proverbs

#11 Breughel: Peasant Wedding

#12 Van Eyck: Arnolfini Wedding Portrait

#13 Holbein – The Ambassadors

Francesco Petrarch My principle is that, as concerning the glory from which we may hope here for below [on earth], it is right for us to seek it while we are here below. One may expect to enjoy that other more radiant glory in heaven, when we shall have their arrived, and when one will have no more care or wish for the glory of the earth. Therefore, as I think, it is in the true order that mortal men should first care for mortal things... --Petrarch, 14th century “Secretum”

Niccolo Machiavelli And you have to understand this, that a prince, especially a new one, cannot observe all those things for which men are esteemed, being often forced, in order to maintain the state, to act contrary to fidelity, friendship, humanity, and religion. Therefore it is necessary for him to have a mind ready to turn itself accordingly as the winds and variations of fortune force it, yet, as I have said above, not to diverge from the good if he can avoid doing so, but, if compelled, then to know how to set about it.     The Prince - 1513

Baldassare Castiglione From The Courtier: Let the men we are seeking be very bold stern and always among the first, where the enemy are to be seen; and in every other place, gentle, modest, reserved, above all things avoiding ostentation (showiness) and that impudent (bold) self-praise by which men ever excite hatred and disgust in all who hear them… I would have him more than passably accomplished in letters, at least in those studies that are called the humanities, and conversant not only with the Latin language but for Greek, for the sake of the many different things that have been admirable written therein. Let him be well versed in the poets, and not less in the orators and historians, and also proficient in writing, prose and verse.

Thomas More Elsewhere, people are always talking about the public interest, but all they really care about is private property. In Utopia, where there’s no private property, people take their duty to the public seriously. Nobody owns anything, but everyone is rich – for what greater wealth can there be than cheerfulness, peace of mind, and freedom from anxiety? From Utopia  

Christine de Pizan Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies, 1405 I am amazed by the opinion of some men who claim that they do not want their daughters, wives, or kinswomen to be educated because of their morals would be ruined as a result…Here you can clearly see that not all opinion of men are based on reason and that these men are wrong.

Galileo Galilei The telescope