Cognitive processes Jakub Jura Engineering Psychology Cognitive processes attention – thinking – imagination – memory – creativity – problem solving http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception http://www.cns.nyu.edu/~msl/courses/0044/handouts/Weber.pdf http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber%E2%80%93Fechner_law http://www.wikiskripta.eu/index.php/Weber-Fechner%C5%AFv_z%C3%A1kon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysics#Experimentation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology#Uses_in_human.E2.80.93computer_interaction http://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/optical_illusions/gestalt_laws.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory http://www.akademik.unsri.ac.id/download/journal/files/scipub/jcs_si_106-111.pdf Jakub Jura Jakub.jura@fs.cvut.cz http://users.fs.cvut.cz/~jura/ing-psych/

What is Cognitive? From latin cognoscere = getting to know Distinguish emotional and rational Descarte’s „Cogito ergo sum“. Mental processes mediate between stimulus and response.

Cognitive processes Base Cognitive processes: Perception Sensation Attention Thinking Imagination Memory Learning Advanced Cognitive processes Creativity Problem solving

Neisser's cycle of perception Cognitive Ecology Actual world Object available information Samples Modify http://www.akademik.unsri.ac.id/download/journal/files/scipub/jcs_si_106-111.pdf Schema of environment Exploration Locomotion and action Cognitive map Directs

Memory Sensory memory Short-term memory Long-term memory George Sperling (200 – 500 ms) Short-term memory George Miller 7±2 chunks Chunking process (recoding) Long-term memory Hippocampus Memory processes: Imprint Retent Remember Recognise

Ebbinghaus experiments 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Co Se Zu Ny Pa Dy Ro Ke Ty Wa Next Co Se Zu Ny Pa Dy Ro Ke Ty Wa Next Co Se Zu Ny Pa Dy Ro Ke Ty Wa Next Co Se Zu Ny Pa Dy Ro Ke Ty Wa Next Co Se Zu Ny Pa Dy Ro Ke Ty Wa Next Co Se Zu Ny Pa Dy Ro Ke Ty Wa Next Co Se Zu Ny Pa Dy Ro Ke Ty Wa Next Co Se Zu Ny Pa Dy Ro Ke Ty Wa Next

Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve R = e-t/s R … memory retention s … relative strenght of memory t … time 45 % 35 %

Serial-positioning effect Which of the syllable you remember easily? Initialy Final Out of serial-positioning effect: Meaningfull Related to myself Connected to my activity

Redraw this figure maximaly precisely Memory test How big is capacity of you visual memory? Redraw this figure maximaly precisely

Imaging Constructive and Reconstructive processes and eyes movement. Imagine yellow elephant with red dots. Imagine what did you eat last evening.

Experiment 3 - Mental rotation F Experiment 3 - Mental rotation How many times you need to read rotated sign. Angle ° Time 1 s Time 2 R Q A L B M T

Completing square test 11 18

Attention Orientation reflex Orientation activities Bourdon test d2 test

Thinking J. P. Guilford: Convergent production - generation of logical conclusions from given information, where emphasis is upon achieving unique or conventionally best outcomes. It is likely that given (cue) information fully determines the outcome as in mathematics and logic. Divergent production - generation of logical alternatives from given information, where emphasis is upon variety, quantity, and relevance of output from the same source.

Intelligence scale

Problem solving Interconect all of this 9 point by the 4 segments of a line non-stop.

Creativity Preparation Incubation Insight Evaluation Elaboration

E. Rossi – creative phase

Metacognition Thinking about thinking (exactly cognition about cognition) First-level metacognition Second-level metacognition