How did Revolutionary Ideas affect Europe after the French Revolution? Chapter 10, Sections 2,3. How did Revolutionary Ideas affect Europe after the French Revolution?

Severe economic problems beginning in 1846 brought untold hardship in France to the lower middle class, workers, and peasants. The monarchy was finally overthrown in the Revolution of 1848. The new French constitution, set up a republic called the Second Republic.

Regime: a government in power (as in the regime of Napoleon III)

Unification efforts in their nations failed. In 1848 cries for change led many European rulers to promise constitutions, a free press, jury trials, and other liberal reforms. Unification efforts in their nations failed.

Moderate liberals and more radical revolutionaries were soon divided over their goals; conservative rule was reestablished. Nationalities everywhere had also revolted in pursuit of self-government, but little was achieved as divisions among nationalities proved disastrous.

Russia was interested in expanding its power into Ottoman lands in the Balkans, in order to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea.. Russia lost the ensuing Crimean War and withdrew from European affairs for the next 20 years.

By giving the industrial middle class an interest in ruling, Britain avoided revolution in 1848. Parliament made social and political reforms that helped the country remain stable.

Queen Victoria: Her reign from 1837 to 1901 was the longest in English history, and reflected the national pride of the British. Her sense of duty and moral respectability came to define the values and attitudes of the Victorian Age.

On 1852, Louis-Napoleon assumed the title of Emperor Napoleon III by plebiscite (popular vote). To distract the public from their loss of political freedom, he focused on expanding the economy and modernizing Paris.

After its failure in the Crimean War, Russia was falling hopelessly behind the western European states. Czar Alexander II issued an emancipation edict, which freed the serfs. Radicals assassinated him, and Russia turned against reform.