CANCER Topic One: What is Cancer? A disease where cells grow and divide uncontrollably damaging parts of body around them

DNA is the genetic material in the nucleus Cancer begins with mutations in DNA DNA is the genetic material in the nucleus of plant and animal cells and it carries all the information about the organism Mutations disrupt the normal Cell Cycle Cells divide uncontrollably creating too many cells Model of DNA Molecule

Structure of DNA The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder. - Cell Division Structure of DNA The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder. How do the Nitrogen bases pair up? Adenine – Thymine Cytosine - Guanine

Replication of DNA Adenine – Thymine Cytosine - Guanine What is it? - Cell Division What is it? When DNA make exact copy of itself Do the nitrogen bases have to match up? YES!! How? Adenine – Thymine Cytosine - Guanine New DNA stand Old DNA stand

Cancer begins with one abnormal cell that keeps dividing – making more cells

Next, Tumor develops when the cells keep piling up and piling up and……

Eventually tumor cells spread to other parts of body called - METASTASIS

Topic Two: Treating Cancer Cancer can be treated in 3 Ways: 1. Surgery: remove the tumor when the tumor is in one place 2. Radiation: If tumor can’t be removed 3. Chemotherapy: Using drugs when the tumor has spread or metastasized Many times doctors may use one or more treatments together, depending on the Cancer

Chemotherapy has unpleasant side effects Person can become very sick from Chemotherapy Scientists are working on new drugs to:… STOP CANCER FROM DEVELOPING

Topic Three: Cancer Prevention Almost 2/3 of Cancers are from: 1. Tobacco – causes Lung Cancer 2. Unhealthy diet – diet high in fats and fried foods, chemicals in food, pesticides, etc……… Eating lots of fresh fruits, vegetables, grains and natural foods can help prevent many Cancers

Review Questions 1. What is Cancer? Answer: A disease where cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging tissues around them. 2. What is a Mutation? Damage or change in DNA, such as wrong bases matching up. Example: A – C T – C 3. What is a Tumor? It is a mass of abnormal cells, when cell continue to divide uncontrollably.

4. What is Chemotherapy? Answer: The use of drugs to kill Cancer cells 5. What is Metastasis? When Cancer cells spread to different parts of the body 6. What is the difference between Bening and Malignant tumor? * Benign tumors stay in one spot * Malignant tumors spread or metastasize to other parts of the body

Describe the relationship between Cancer and Cell Cycle Answer: When the cell cycle is disrupted by Mutations in DNA, it causes cells to divide uncontrollably creating abnormal cells and tumors 7. Describe 3 ways that Cancer can be treated Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy 8. What healthy habits can help prevent Cancer? Not smoking Low fat diet Diet rich in fresh fruits, vegetables and grains (whole wheat breads, etc…) Avoid processed foods with chemicals