1. Cell Reproduction Check this out!! Breast cancer cells dividing:

2. The Cell Cycle
Eukaryotic cells that grow and divide undergo an orderly sequence of events called the cell cycle.
The cell cycle consists of two distinct phases:
Interphase
Cell growth
Sub-phases: G1
S phase G2
Mitotic phase
Cell division

3. From One gene to 25,000 genes
OK, we’ve talked about how to transcribe and translate one gene found on the DNA in our nuclei into a functioning protein. But we have more than just one gene….
Almost all of the genes of a eukaryotic cell
Are located on chromosomes in the cell nucleus.

4. Transcription and Translation
occur all throughout Interphase:
when the cell is growing
and duplicating all of its
cell structures and organelles!!

5. Eukaryotic Chromosomes
Each eukaryotic chromosome contains one very long DNA molecule,
Typically bearing thousands of genes.
The number of chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell
Depends on the species.

6. Detailed representations of DNA
Notice that the bases pair in a complementary fashion.

7. DNA Replication
When a cell or whole organism reproduces, a complete set of genetic instructions must pass from one generation to the next.
This happens during S phase

8. Figure 10.8

9. The Cell Cycle
Eukaryotic cells that grow and divide undergo an orderly sequence of events called the cell cycle.
The cell cycle consists of two distinct phases:
Interphase
Cell growth
Sub-phases: G1
S phase G2
Mitotic phase
Cell division

10. Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Is the division of the chromosomes.
Is preceded by interphase.
From movie folder play:
- AnimalMitosis_SV.mpg

11. Chromosomes
Are made of chromatin, a combination of DNA and protein molecules.
Are not visible in a cell until cell division occurs.

12. The DNA in a cell is packed into an elaborate, multilevel system of coiling and folding.

13. When the cell divides, the sister chromatids separate from each other.
Before a cell divides, it duplicates all of its chromosomes, resulting in two copies called sister chromatids.
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
When the cell divides, the sister chromatids separate from each other.
M phase

14. Figure 8.8.1

15. Mitosis consists of four distinct phases:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

16. Figure 8.8.2

17. Figure 8.8.3

18. Cytokinesis Typically occurs during telophase.
Is the division of the cytoplasm.
Is different in plant and animal cells.

19. http://www. youtube. com/watch
Figure 8.9b

20. Cancer Cells: Growing Out of Control
Normal plant and animal cells have a cell cycle control system.
Cancer is a disease of the cell cycle.
Cancer cells do not respond normally to the cell cycle control system.

21. Cancer cells can form tumors, If a tumor is malignant,
Abnormally growing masses of body cells.
If a tumor is malignant,
It can spread to other parts of the body.

22. Cancer Treatment
Cancer treatment can involve
Radiation therapy, which damages DNA and disrupts cell division.
Chemotherapy, which uses drugs that disrupt cell division.
Turn and talk: How would damaging the DNA of a cell disrupt cell division?

23. Cancer cells are often grown in culture for study.

24. Cancer Prevention and Survival
Cancer prevention includes changes in lifestyle:
Not smoking
Exercising adequately
Avoiding exposure to the sun
Eating a high-fiber, low-fat diet
Visiting the doctor regularly
Performing regular self-examinations