Birth Control How many couples out of 100 will get pregnant if they have unprotected sex for a year? Answer: 85-90

Fertilization, Implantation, and Conception the joining of the egg and sperm resulting in a zygote

Definitions (cont) Implantation fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus Pregnancy Begins

How does pregnancy begin? Egg is released from the ovary Egg remains viable for 24-36 hours 200-600 million sperm ejaculated Sperm viable for up to 7 days (3-5 average) 6-10 days later, Zygote implants

Pregnancy in the US About 850,000 teen pregnancies each year, 85% are unintended. About 850,000 teen pregnancies each year, 85% are unintended.

Birth Control Another name is contraception contra = against, conception So it will prevent…Fertilization or Implantation

Some methods… Take the egg out of the equation and others Take the sperm out of the equation.

Birth Control What methods have you heard of?

Birth Control The pill is just one type of birth control. If you mean the pill when talking about birth control say the pill.

Failure Rate the number of women out of 100 who get pregnant each year using a specific method of contraception Perfect: Failure rate with correct/consistent use Typical: Failure rate with user mistakes

Margin of Error The difference between perfect use failure rate and typical use failure rate. The larger the difference, the larger the margin of error due to user mistakes.

Contraceptive Options Hormonal Barrier Other

Hormonal Methods Contain hormones Prevent ovulation* Thicken cervical mucus to prevent fertilization* Reduce the endometrium Prescription only – except EC *EC works a little differently

Hormonal Methods Implanon Depo-Provera Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing) Patch (OrthoEvra) The Pill Emergency Contraception

Hormonal Methods Advantages Regulate periods (pill, patch and ring) Less menstrual cramping, flow, & PMS Fewer ectopic pregnancies Very effective pregnancy prevention Low margin of error

Hormonal Methods Disadvantages NO protection against Sexually Transmitted Infections Several possible side effects (ie. nausea, breast tenderness, increased appetite, mood changes) Less period regulation with progesterone only methods (ie. Depo-Provera and Implanon)

Advantages & Disadvantages Method Type Failure rate How does it work? How is it used? Advantages & Disadvantages Where you get it.

Implanon 1 sub-dermal implant in arm for 3 years Highly effective Progestin only Irregular bleeding

Depo-Provera One shot every 12 weeks By prescription & administered at health center Irregular bleeding or loss of period Slow return of regular menstrual cycle

Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing) Insert flexible ring into the vagina for 3 weeks ½ the amount of hormones of the pill Less effective when using oil-based treatment for yeast infections

The Patch (OrthoEvra) One new patch per week for 3 weeks; week 4 menstruation occurs By prescription Clean dry skin

The Pill 1 pill every 24 hours Less effective when taking certain antibiotics

Emergency Contraception Over the Counter - Plan B -best if taken within 72 hours Prescription - Ella - within 120 hours (best if taken within 72 hours) Prevents pregnancy 75% to 89% of the time Will not terminate an existing pregnancy

Barrier Methods Prevent sperm from entering the uterus & reaching the egg by putting a barrier between them

Barrier Methods Male Condoms Female Condoms Sponge

Male Condoms Highly effective with correct use Latex or polyurethane One time use only Very good STI protection

Female Condom Made of polyurethane Inserted into the vagina One time use only Very good STI protection

Sponge Inserted in the vagina up to 24 hours before intercourse Must remain in vagina for at least 6 hours after intercourse Blocks, absorbs and kills sperm Over the counter Can cause irritation Possibility of Toxic Shock Syndrome if worn longer than 30 hours

Abstinence Prevents the egg and sperm from meeting Not having oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse Highly effective when used perfectly Some STI protection

Withdrawal Pulling the penis out of the vagina before ejaculation Requires great self-control & experience Much better than using no contraception (using nothing has an 85 out of 100 failure rate) No STI protection