1. Contraceptive I will be able to categorize types of contraceptives
I will be able to explain how each contraceptive works
I will create a book to write take notes in
I will draw pictures of types of contraceptive to put in the book

2. Agenda Attendance (5min) Make paper bag book (15min) Notes (40min)
Homework
Open Word Sort

3. Birth Control Methods Abstinence Condom (male & female) The Pill
Depo Provera 3 month shot
Lunelle 1 month shot
IUD
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Spermicides
Ortho Evra “Patch”
NuvaRing

4. Abstinence It’s the only 100% effective method of Contraception/Birth Control
Choice of Contraceptive method based on many factors:
- frequency of intercourse
- ease of use
- ability to use consistently
- concern about STIs
- cost
- comfort
- effectiveness
- safety
- relationship with partner
What is “effectiveness”?
What does it mean to use a method “Consistently” and “Correctly”?
Sexually Transmitted Disease and Birth Control
- Latex Condom
- Condom combined with other method

5. Barrier Methods Physically block the sperm and egg from meeting
These methods need to be used correctly and consistently
They need to be put in place before any sexual contact
Available without a prescription:
-Condom
-Female Condom
-Spermicides: foam, inserts, jelly,
cream & film
Available with a prescription/fitting:
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap

6. Condom
Used by male and covers the penis - traps semen inside to prevent sperm from
meeting with egg
Latex vs. Animal Skin vs. Polyurethane vs. Polyisoprene
Used only once
Effectiveness: 95-99% used with other method
Cost: FREE in County Health Clinics
From $ $15.00 in a drug store
Advantages: Condoms (except animal skin)are the ONLY contraceptive method that provides help with STI protection
Easy to get - available without a prescription at drug stores
and health clinics
Disadvantages: Loss of sensation, allergies
Other issues: Lubricant, Spermicide

7. Female Condom
Used by female and is held into place in the vagina by plastic ring - traps semen
inside to prevent sperm from meeting with egg
Used only once
Effectiveness: 94% when used correctly
Cost: $3 - $5 per condom
Advantages: Places decision to use a condom in the power of the woman
Does not require a medical visit
Disadvantages: Fairly expensive
Awkward to use
Other Issues: Lubricant

8. Spermicides
Spermicides are placed into the vagina a short time before intercourse and are
designed to kill the sperm before it is able to enter the cervix
Some spermicides need to be placed in the vagina for at least fifteen minutes
before intercourse
Spermicides are effective for one hour after insertion and only one act of
intercourse
Effectiveness: 95-99% when used with a condom
72-97% used alone
Cost: Depending on method $4 - $10 per package
Advantages: No hormonal side effects
Available in drug stores without a prescription
Very effective if used with a condom
Disadvantages: Allergies
Waiting for intercourse
Applications last for short time

9. Diaphragm/Cervical Cap
Latex barrier combined with spermicidal cream or jelly provides two types of barriers
to sperm
Fits into vagina and covers the cervix
Effectiveness: 82-94%
Cost: Diaphragm $25 - Cervical Cap $32
Advantages: No Hormonal side effects
Two types of barriers
Can be left in for longer periods of time
Both devices are reusable
Disadvantages: Needs special fitting in a medical office
Some women may be uncomfortable with putting it in place
Preparation before intercourse
Jelly or cream need to be reapplied for each act of intercourse
Other issues: needs to be fitted to body size

10. Hormonal Methods
Hormonal methods stop ovulation (the mature egg released by the ovary)
All hormonal methods must be prescribed by a medical practitioner and will require
an office visit
All hormonal methods have some side effects:
weight change
acne
irregular
mood swings
NO HORMONAL METHOD PROVIDES ANY PROTECTION AGAINST SEXUALLY
TRANSMITTED DISEASE!!!!
Methods Available
OrthoEvra “The Patch”
Oral Contraceptives “The Pill”
Depo Provera & Lunelle Injections 3 months or 1 month
The NuvaRing
Emergency Contraceptive Pill - Plan B

11. Oral Contraceptives/The Pill
One pill once a day releases hormones in the body which stop ovulation (the release
of the mature egg)
Hormones thicken cervical mucus to keep sperm from joining egg
Effectiveness: %
Cost: $7 - $25+ per month
Advantages: Nothing to put in place before intercourse
More regular periods
Protection against: menstrual cramping, anemia, acne, PMS,
certain cancers, PID, fibrous breast tumors, ovarian cysts and
tubal pregnancies
Disadvantages: Need to take a pill every day
Some side effects: temporary irregular bleeding
NO protection against STIs

12. Depo Provera
An injection in the arm or hip every 12 weeks releases hormones that stop ovulation
Hormones thicken cervical mucus to keep sperm from joining egg
Effectiveness: 99.7%
Cost: $30
Advantages: -Nothing to put into place before intercourse
-Only need to get injection every 12 weeks
-Protects against certain cancers and anemia
Disadvantages: -Common side effects: weight gain, headaches, and abdominal
pain
-May cause delay in getting pregnant after shots are stopped
-No protection against STIs
Other issues: Most women stop menstruating completely after 9 months of use

13. ORTHO EVRA - ‘The Patch’
Weekly skin patch which contains hormones that prevent ovulation. A patch is applied once a week for three weeks. The fourth week no patch is worn (should be the week of your period).
Effectiveness: 99%
Cost: $30 to $40 a month
Advantages: Patch is only replaced once a week and can be ‘hidden’.
Disadvantages: Need to be replaced once a week. Irritation ‘rash’ may develop where patch is placed. Side effects may be same as with the pill.

14. NuvaRing
Vaginal ring inserted monthly that releases hormones to prevent ovulation. It is inserted and remains in place for three weeks. You then remove for a one week ring free period.
Effectiveness: 99 %
Cost: $35 to $40 per month
Advantages: Only needs to be replaced once a month
Disadvantages: Side effects can be similar to those associated with the pill. A woman needs to be comfortable touching her body which is important to remember when it needs to be put in.

15. Emergency Contraceptive Pill “The Morning After Pill”
A series of pills are taken within 72 hours (three days) after sex without
contraceptive
The pills start menstruation and may prevent pregnancy
This method is intended for emergencies (sex against will, broken condom, etc.)
The method is safe but it does have strong side effects
The morning after pill costs $6 at the Washington County Clinic, if you get a
pregnancy during the visit the total is $30.

16. Other Methods IUD A small plastic device is placed in the uterus
Copper and hormones keep the sperm from meeting the egg and
prevents fertilized egg from implanting in the uterine wall
Depending on the type of, it can be left in for 1 to 10 years
Effectivness: %
Cost: $150
Advantages: -Nothing to put into place before intercourse
-Can be left in place for 1 year or more
-No effect on hormone levels in the body
Disadvantages: -Heavier and longer periods (cramps)
-Spotting between periods
-Increased risk of infection
-No protection from STIs
Other Issues: -IUDs are best for women who have already had at least one
child, it also depends on the individual body so ask the nurse

17. Sterilization
Surgical procedure that blocks the fallopian tubes in a woman (tubal ligation) or
the vas deferens in a man (Vasectomy)
Considered permanent procedure - difficult to reverse
Effectiveness: %
Cost: $200 - $2,000
Advantages: “Permanent” protection against pregnancy
No lasting side effects - no effect on pleasure
Protects women who cannot get pregnant for health reasons
Disadvantages: Surgical procedure involves risks and recovery
Regret about decision
Reversibility not guaranteed
No protection against STIs
Other Issues:
Tubal ligation more complicated than vasectomy

18. Natural Family Planning
Method looks at various factors (temperature, cervical mucus, days until ovulation)
to try to determine when intercourse is least likely to result in pregnancy
Includes periodic abstinence during times that are most likely to result in pregnancy
Effectiveness: %
Cost: Minimal cost for thermometer and classes
Advantages: No medical or hormonal side effects
Good for people who morally oppose other forms of contraception
Disadvantages: Very complicated, requires commitment of BOTH partners
Some women have irregular menstrual cycles
Other factors can affect body temperature and cervical mucus

19. Remember!!!
-ABSTINENCE IS THE ONLY 100% EFFECTIVE WAY TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM PREGNANCY AND FROM SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE
-The risks associated with sexual activity do not go away with age
-The contraceptive method that you choose will determine the amount of control
that you have over your body and your exposure to STDs
-Only a male condom can provide any real protection against STDs or HIV/AIDs
-Some methods, including abstinence, require that you negotiate with your partner
-Communicate and be honest with yourself and others…It’s your body!!!!