Photosynthesis

What does a plant need to grow? But is that all????

Plants need to do Photosynthesis Chlorophyll inside

What you don’t see… Thylakoid: individual membrane-bound compartments where photosynthesis actually occurs (contain the photosynthetic pigments) Granum: stacks of thylakoids

Photosynthesis- what goes in? Sunlight (light Energy) Carbon Dioxide CO2 Water H2O

Photosynthesis- what comes out? Sunlight (Light Energy) Glucose C6H12O6 Water H2O Oxygen O2 Carbon Dioxide CO2

Photosynthesis Let’s write the chemical equation on the board!! What are the reactants, What are the products? What type of energy transformations are going on? Light Energy into Chemical Energy

Reaction CO2 + H2O + light O2 + C6H12O6 But it’s not balanced Products Reactants

Photosynthesis has an “opposite” reaction… ALL cells must perform this reaction (not like photosynthesis that only occurs in autotrophs) Occurs in Mitochondria It’s why we breathe In fact the name we give to breathing is named after this cellular process Any guesses??? Turn the page…

Cell Respiration Carbon Dioxide CO2 Glucose C6H12O6 Water H2O Oxygen Energy

Reaction Let’s draw the chemical formula on the board!! What are the reactants, What are the products? What type of energy transformations are going on? Chemical Energy (Food) into Chemical Energy (ATP)

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E. Relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration. 1 E. Relationship between Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration 1. Elements- Cycle (the products of one are the reactants for the other)   2. Energy- Transformed & used up. Must keep adding sunlight to replenish   3. In plants- Can do both in one cell. (But still need to take in CO2 & H2O to keep up with high photosynthesis rates during daylight hrs)   4. In animals- Can’t do photosynthesis, so must EAT plants to get glucose and breathe in to get O2.  

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS ENERGY TRANSFORMATION IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS LIGHT ENERGY CHEMICAL ENERGY  ENERGY TRANSFORMATION IN CELL RESPIRATION CHEMICAL ENERGY ATP (usable chemical energy)

Two Types of Respiration You are currently taking in oxygen and burning sugars within the mitochondria to release chemical energy. This process is also known as Aerobic Respiration. Why? Because Oxygen is present which allows your cells to burn glucose into energy much more efficiently.

Anaerobic Respiration What would happen if your cells were deprived of oxygen?? Would they still be able to burn glucose to make energy?? YES!! Anaerobic Respiration What does anaerobic mean? NO OXYGEN PRESENT

Efficiency of Types of Cell Respiration Aerobic respiration yields at least 36 ATP Anaerobic nets a measly 2 ATP

Anaerobic Respiration ex’s in Animals… Ex: Fermentation in the body cells Long distance runners often create an anaerobic environment for their cells Not a very energy efficient process & a bad side effect is produced: Lactic Acid

A different example of fermentation Breweries rely on this process: Yeast cells need energy to survive, so they will breakdown sugars in anaerobic conditions and a byproduct is alcohol. How do you know CO2 is produced?

Fermentation Basics Anaerobic Animals produce lactic acid and CO2 Plants produce ethyl alcohol and CO2 Less efficient…pgs 124-125

Vacuoles Chloroplasts Mitochondria Ribosomes A scientist wants to study photosynthesis in a newly discovered species. Which of these cell structures should the scientist study? Vacuoles Chloroplasts Mitochondria Ribosomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Cilia Mitochondria Ribosomes Chloroplasts Muscle cells require more energy than do most other cells. Which organelles would you expect to find in greater abundance in muscle cells than in most other cells? Cilia Mitochondria Ribosomes Chloroplasts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Which of these processes results in carbon dioxide production? Osmosis Respiration Evaporation Photosynthesis 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Osmosis Mitosis Cellular respiration Fermentation Some organisms that live in the intestines of cows do not require oxygen to survive. Which of these best describes the process by which these organisms obtain energy? Osmosis Mitosis Cellular respiration Fermentation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Based on the graph, what color is this plant: Green Red Violet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Based on the graph, what colors are best absorbed by this plant: Green and orange Red and violets Violet and green 4. Green and reds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Based on the graph below, which color light is least absorbed by plants for photosynthesis Red Yellow Green Orange Violet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Let’s fill in this chart with the molecules and then the energy transformations _________________________________ _____________________

Why do leaves change colors?? Chlorophyll B Chlorophyll A Xanthophyll Carotene

These chromatograms show chlorophyll b at the bottom, followed by chlorophyll a, xanthophylls, and carotenes.