Articulations

Articulations Articulations- joints; the point at which two or more bones meet There are 3 categories of articulation: Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial

3 categories of articulation Fibrous Immovable joints Includes bones of the cranium/skull

3 categories of articulations Cartilaginous Slightly moveable Attached by cartilage Located in the vertebrae in the spine

3 categories of articulations Synovial Freely moveable Elbow, knee, shoulder, hip, finger, etc.

Synovial joint This type of joint is enclosed in a protective capsule that contains synovial fluid. Synovial fluid is colorless and contains mineral salts, fat and other substances. This fluid acts as a shock absorber and cushions both ends of the bone so they do not irritate each other.

6 Motion groups for Synovial Joints Ball and Socket Shoulder Pivot Atlas and Axis vertebrae Hinge Elbow and knee Saddle Thumb Condyloid One of the joints in the wrist Gliding Wrist and ankle

Project Make a poster or pamphlet that describes each of the 6 types of synovial joints. For each one have the following: Name Descriptions (look on page 14-31) Example Drawing or picture No more than 6 people in a group

Other structures that protect the bones Bursa Sac of synovial fluid that reduces friction between tendons, bones, ligaments and other structures Meniscus Cartilaginous disc surrounded with fluid that also reduces friction during movement and adds stability

Knee Display

Types of forces that can damage soft tissue Injuries to the joints Types of forces that can damage soft tissue Compression Force that crushes the tissue Tension Force that pulls and stretches tissue Shear Force that moves against the parallel organization of collagen fibers

Injuries to the joints Sprain Overstretching and/or tearing of ligaments or other connective tissue by traumatic twisting of a joint Symptoms: crepitation, inability to move, deformity, point tenderness, immediate swelling Sprains vary in degree of intensity 1st degree 2nd degree 3rd degree

Sprain 1st degree 2nd degree 3rd degree Over stretching or very mild tear of the ligaments Symptoms: mild point tenderness, mild loss of strength/function 2nd degree Partial/moderate tearing of the ligament Symptoms: swelling, point tenderness, decreased range if motion, and moderate loss of strength/function 3rd degree Complete tear of the ligments Symptoms: complete loss of strength/function, point tenderness, swelling, possible deformity

Sprains Treatment Always compare the injured side with the uninjured side. Which side should you check first?? Uninjured This will let you know what the normal appearance and movement should be Look closely because you wont have a lot of time to check the injured side….It will hurt!

Sprain Treatment PRICE P-Protect R-Rest I-Ice C-Compression Avoid further injury… Don’t let the athlete walk on injured ankle R-Rest Rest the injured area I-Ice Ice the surrounding tissue immediately for ~20 minutes, 60 minutes no ice. Repeat this cycle for 24-72 hours during awake hours or until swelling subsides. Protect the skin by using a towel between ice and skin. C-Compression Compress with elastic wrap E-Elevation Elevate the injured area above heart level

Sprain Follow up treatment Isometric strengthening exercises Flexibility exercises within the athlete’s pain free ROM Once tissue has recovered, strengthening exercises should move to isotonic exercises Use a brace if needed while injury heals

Sprained Ankle Ankle Sprain http://www.wonderhowto.com/how-to/video/how-to-dissect-a-human-for-the-upper-and-lower-limbs-joints-243435/ Activity Partners One person will be the SAT and one will be the injured athlete The SAT has to follow HOPS method to assess the ankle injury Follow ALL steps!

What is the most complex joint in the human body? Knee

The Knee Joint: Anterior Femur condyles (L,M) Tibia condyles (L, M) Fibula Patella Patellar ligament Quadriceps tendon Patellar Retinaculae MCL and LCL

The Knee Joint: Posterior Femur/Tibia/Fibula Popliteal Ligaments MCL and LCL

Knee Joint deep anterior MCL LCL ACL PCL meniscus medial lateral

Knee Injuries http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00325 http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/knee-pain

SHOULDER

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Shoulder Injuries www.sportsinjuryclinic.net