The Election of 1860 The election of Abraham Lincoln prompted the Southern states to leave the Union

I. Free Soil Party Created WHY? Anti-slavery Democrats A. Those against slavery spreading to the new territories Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] Nativist - Anti-immigrants

II. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

1856 Presidential Election *James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat (wins) Republican Whig

III. Dred Scott Decision - 1857 Slave who had once lived in free state sued for his freedom A. Supreme Court ruled slaves not U.S. citizens, but are property

Dred Scott decision Supreme Court said: B.Southerners’ property rights were protected by the 5th Amendment -1. Missouri Compromise was illegal -Congress could not deprive Southerners of their property -2. Congress had NO right to restrict slavery ANYWHERE in the U.S.

“They had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the Negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic, whenever profit could be made by it.” Chief Justice Roger B. Taney

IV. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858 A. Douglas -Popular Sovereignty B. Lincoln - A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

V. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

Harpers Ferry, VA A. John Brown wanted to start a slave rebellion Plan failed. B. Brown captured- becomes a martyr (someone who dies for a cause) to Northerners C. Southerners think he’s a madman

VI. 1860 Presidential Election Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

A. REPUBLICANS B. DEMOCRATS 1. No Spread of Slavery & Free Land 1. Could not agree on one candidate Douglass-Let Each State Decide Breckinridge – Spread Slavery Everywhere

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election Results

VII. Because Lincoln was elected . . . A. 1st state to leave – South Carolina – Dec. 20, 1860 B. 6 states follow C. Set up Confederate States of America Capital city – Montgomery, AL D. President Jefferson Davis sworn in Feb. 1861

Southerners believed North was so economically dependent on cotton, it would never risk war THEY WERE WRONG!

E. March 20, 1861 – President Lincoln inaugurated