1. Steps Leading to Civil War
Part 2

2. Forming the Republican Party
Formed by…
Northern Whigs, antislavery Democrats, and the Free-Soil Party
Goal…
Stop slavery from expanding into the new territory

3. Election of 1856 Candidates…
Republican – John C. Fremont
Democratic – James Buchanan
Democrats campaigned that Buchanan was the only candidate that could save the Union
Electing Fremont would cause the South to secede
Buchanan wins

4. Dred Scott’s Story
Dred Scott – a slave that was taken to live in a free territory b/f taken back to Missouri
Scott sued to end his slavery, he said…
The time he had spent in a free territory meant he was free
The case went all the way to the Supreme Court

5. Dred Scott’s Case Dred Scott vs. Sandford
Supreme Court has a Southern majority
Supreme Court rules for slavery in the territories
Buchanan suggests letting the Supreme Court decide on slavery in the territories
Dred Scott vs. Sandford was the case that decided

6. The Dred Scott Decision
March 6, 1857 – Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered decision
According to the Constitution a slave was not a citizen
Scott was property and had no right to sue
His time spent on free land did not make him free
Taney then addressed the Missouri Compromise’s ban on slavery…
He said stopping a person from owning a slave above the southern Missouri border was unconstitutional  it was void
Slavery now legal in every state!

7. John Brown’s Plan
John Brown – abolitionist – b/l that God had raised him to break the jaws of the wicked
Develops a plan…
Seize the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia
Free and arm the enslaved people of the neighborhood
B/g a rebellion against slaveholders

8. John Brown’s Raid
October 16, 1859 – Brown and 18 followers seize the arsenal
Brown announces he has possession of the armory and if any citizens interfere he will kill them and burn the town
Brown soon faces US Marines under the command of Robert E. Lee
36 hours after it had b/g, the rebellion ended w/ Brown’s capture

9. John Brown’s Consequences
Brown was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death
Northerners view Brown as a martyr in a noble cause
The execution strengthened abolitionist feelings in the North
Southerners felt that Brown’s raid proved that Northerners were plotting to murder slaveholders
Makes them true, violent enemies

10. Election of 1860 Candidates… Stephen Douglas – Northern Democrat
Supported popular sovereignty
John C. Breckinridge – Southern Democrat
Supported the Dred Scott decision
John Bell – Constitutional Union Party (former Whigs)
Uphold both the Constitution and the Union
Abraham Lincoln – Republican
Denounced John Brown’s raid, was not an abolitionist, confirmed the right to slavery w/i the Southern borders

11. Secession Begins Democrat vote split  Lincoln wins
Republican victory = abolitionists victory to the South
Southerners b/l they must secede
December 1860 – South Carolina secedes from (leaves) the Union
First state to leave, starts a chain reaction
By February 1861 – 6 more states had seceded
MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, and TX

12. The Confederacy
February 4, 1861 – Delegates of seceding states met in Montgomery, AL
Declared themselves a new nation…
The Confederate States of America
Drafted a constitution based on the US Constitution but w/ some changes…
Guaranteed the existence of slavery in Confederate territory
Banned protective tariffs
President = Jefferson Davis
Capital = Montgomery, AL

13. Lincoln Takes Office
1861 – Lincoln’s inaugural speech he addresses the seceding states directly
Repeats his commitment not to interfere w/ slavery where it existed
He intends to “hold, occupy, and possess” federal property in those states