1. U.S. History and Government 11th Grade / Br. Siraj Date: July 13, 2019
Why were New Political Parties Born and How was the Nation Divided over Slavery?
U.S. History and Government
11th Grade / Br. Siraj
Date: July 13, 2019

2. Division of Whig over Slavery Issue
Whig divided into Northern antislavery Whigs and Southern proslavery Whigs
Democrats defeated the Whigs in 1852 – Franklin Pierce won.
Some Whigs joined nativist “American Party”
Nativism is the idea that the native-born Americans be favored over immigrants.
Middle class Protestants who feared new immigrants and Catholics.
Nativists then formed “Know-Nothing Party.”
It soon split over slavery and disappeared.
Nativism: favoring the native Born Americans over the immigrants
Nativists: Mostly upper-middle class protestants
not only disliked the immigrants but also Catholics
feared that Catholics will cause the Democratic Value fade

3. Antislavery Parties
Free-Soil Party – against the extension slavery to Western land
Got 10% popular vote in 1848 election but electoral vote
Free-soilers were supporters of racist laws.
They did not want blacks in their communities
Their main objection was the slavery’s competition with free white labor system.

4. Birth of Republican Party
Democratic Party got Split in 1854 and the new Republican Party was born.
people with many viewpoints joined the new party
Republicans did not want slavery in the territories
Its main contender was know-nothing party
Competed in presidential election of 1856
Nominated John C. Fremont as their candidate.
Got a lot of popular vote
Former Whig Supporter Newspaper Editor Horrace Greeley Supported the new party
1855 Republicans set up organization in half of the Northern States.
But they did not have a national organization.
Fromer Democrat John Freemont was their candidate
James Buchanan of Pensylvannia was Democratic Candidate and won but got only 45% popular vote

5. Election of 1856 Republicans Nominated John C. Fremont
Democrats nominated James Buchanan of Pennsylvania
Buchanan was a true national candidate.
He won the election by only 45% popular vote.
The election saw the rise of Republican Party and the decline of Know-Nothing Party.

6. Homework
Questions 1, 2, & 3 on page 321

7. How did the Debate over Slavery Led to Southern Secession?
U.S. History and Government
11th Grade / Br. Siraj
Date: July 13, 2019

8. Northern & Southern Division
Supreme court Decision in Dred Scott Vs. Sandford case in 1857 ruled by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
Residing in a free state does not make a slave free
Slaves were considered property by the Constitution
Southerners cheered the decision & thought slavery could be extended to all western territories

9. Kansas Referendum
Kansas’s proslavery forces applied to be accepted as a state with a proslavery constitution.
Congress required that it be passed by a referendum.
Voters rejected the constitution.
Southerners criticized, northerners cheered.

10. Lincoln Vs. Douglas
1858 state election in Illinois Stephen Douglas ran for re-election
Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln against him.
Both opposed slavery
Douglas favored popular sovereignty to outlaw slavery.
Lincoln wanted federal law to ban slavery because it was “a vast moral evil.”
“Freeport Doctrine” of Senator Douglas

11. Lincoln Vs. Douglas
“Freeport Doctrine” of Senator Douglas at second debate
Slavery would not survive without law enforcement support.
Called for people in the western territories to elect representatives who would not enforce slave property law.

12. Harpers Ferry Incident
1859: John Brown attacked a Federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia to start a slave rebellion
He was caught and hanged for treason.
Southerners started calling for secession.

13. Lincoln’s Election and Secession
Republican Candidate Abraham Lincoln elected to presidency in 1860
Received no electoral vote in the South.
Southerners feared of losing their political power in the U.S.
Feared an end to their whole way of life.
South Carolina seceded from the Union on 12/20/60
By February 1861, 6 southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America (Confederacy)
Jefferson Davis was elected President and Richmond, VA was made capital.

14. Homework
Questions: 1, 2 and 3 on Page 331