Thursday, October 8, 2015

Do NOW!!! Pick up your notebooks and one of each of the charts on the front desk. Tape them into the next page and answer the following questions: Look at figure 4.3: What observations can you make about the data? What inferences can you make to explain the increase in exports and imports? Look at figure 4.4: What inferences can you make to explain the increase in population? How does an increase in population affect the economy of the colonies?

Enlightenment Draw a light bulb in your notebook Inside, things you know or assume about the Enlightenment period Outside, things you’re curious about or have questions on

What is it? Definition: 'The Enlightenment' has been given many differing definitions but it was, at its broadest, a philosophical movement of the eighteenth century which stressed human reasoning over blind faith or obedience and was thus in contrast with much of the religious and political order of the day, while also encouraging 'scientific' thinking.

Huh? In other words, during the 18th century, certain thinkers and writers, primarily in London and Paris, believed that they were more enlightened than their compatriots and set out to enlighten them.

Enlighten them about what? Their principal targets were religion (the Catholic Church in France) and the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy (or powerful monarch). In other words, the church and the state, who often worked hand- in- hand.

Montesquieu Montesquieu, a French aristocrat, he champions freedom and condemns slavery as “unnatural” He also describes a constitutional monarchy in which the three branches are free and independent of one another, creating a system of checks and balances Montesquieu (1689-1755)

Montesquieu - Separation of 3 Powers

Voltaire Strong supporter of Freedom of Speech, Thought, & Religion Believed Gov’ts should ensure personal freedoms

Enlightenment and the Economy Adam Smith: Free market should be allowed to regulate business activity Where there is demand, suppliers will seek to meet it because there are profits and economic rewards to be had Smith supported laissez faire, but also believed that a government had a duty to protect society, administer justice, and provide public works.

Supply and Demand

Social Contract Thomas Hobbes John Locke Humans are naturally cruel, greedy and selfish. To escape this “brutish” life people entered into a social contract. Only a powerful government could ensure an orderly society. Believed only an absolute monarchy could keep a society completely orderly. Humans are naturally reasonable, moral and good Humans have natural rights: life liberty and property People form governments to protect natural rights Best government was one with limited power If a government violates people’s natural rights, people have the right to overthrow government

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Believed in Popular Sovereignty Argued people are naturally good, but society corrupts them through environment, education and laws. Published The Social Contract (1762)

Mary Wollstonecraft Early spokesperson for Women’s Rights Argued the ideals of equality should be extended to women as well as men. Governments should extend political rights to women as well Women should also enjoy educational freedoms as well Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

Enlightenment Changes Society Women: Women were not equal and were criticized for attempting to gain equality Salons: Men and women gather in living rooms to discuss Enlightenment ideas (chat rooms) Music: Ballets and operas become popular (Bach, Handel, Mozart) Art: Baroque gives way to rococo art (simple, elegant and charming) Literature: Novels become popular (Robinson Cruesoe)

What’s going on? What system or term is this map portraying? What is the point of trade? Which three powers are participating in trade in this map?