Review of Indirect Statement (Indirect Discourse) (Page 278) In Latin when a simple statement is indirectly quoted, the verb is changed from the indicative mood in the direct statement to the infinitive in the indirect statement, and the subject is changed from the nominative to the accusative case. Direct statement: Vir ambulat. The man is walking. Indirect statement: Dicit virum ambulare. He says that the man is walking. Difference between English and Latin Indirect Statement English Latin The verb is finite. The verb is in the infinitive. The introductory word that is used. There is no introductory word. The subject is in the nominative case. The subject is in accusative case.

Nota Bene: (Page 278) Indirect Statements usually follow verbs of mental action, such as say, tell, know, think, hear, perceive, and the like. These verbs should be memorized: dico (3), say, tell scio (4), know nuntio (1), announce, tell puto (1), think audio (4), hear sentio (4), feel, perceive nego (1), say not, deny video (2), see existimo (1), think Sequence of Tenses for Indirect Statement The present infinitive denotes the same time as the main verb; The perfect infinitive denotes time before that of the main verb; The future infinitive denotes time after that of the main verb.

Do you know that Caesar was killed in the first century before Christ? Verb Noun Infin. Adj. Noun Prep. Noun 2nd. Sing. Subj. Perf. Ablative Obj. Prep. Pres. Acc. Pass. Time When Acc. Act. Masc. Ind. Disc. Neu. Masc. Indic. Sing. Sing. Sing. Scisne Caesarem primo saeculo ante Christum interfectum esse? Many thought that Caesar would not lead the army across the river. Noun Verb Noun Adv. Infin. Noun Prep. Noun Subject 3rd. pl. Subj. Fut.. Dir. Obj. Obj. Prep. Nom. Perf. Acc. Act. Acc. Acc. Masc. Act. Masc. Ind. Disc. Masc.. Neu.. Pl. Indic. Sing. Sing. Sing. Multi Caesarem exercitum trans flumen non traducturum esse existimaverunt.

In English there are four participles: present active and passive and perfect active and passive. In Latin there are three participles: present active, perfect passive, and future active. Latin Present Active Participle (Page 282) Present Stem + ns (Nom.) ntis (Gen.) Verb Stem + ns, ntis = Present Active Participle 1st voco vocare voca + ns, ntis = vocans vocantis calling, while calling 2nd moneo monere mone + ns, ntis = monens monentis warning, while warning 3rd rego regere rege + ns, ntis = regens regentis ruling, while ruling 3rd capio capere capie + ns, ntis = capiens capientis taking, while taking 4th audio audire audie + ns, ntis = audiens audientis hearing, while hearing The Present Active Participle is declined as a third declension “i” stem with the exception of e in the ablative singular, all genders.

Present Active Participle voco vocare call Present Active Participle = vocans vocantis calling, while calling Nom. vocans vocans Gen. vocantis vocantis Dat. vocanti vocanti Acc. vocantem vocans Abl. vocante vocante Nom. vocantes vocantia Gen. vocantium vocantium Dat.. vocantibus vocantibus Acc. vocantes vocantia Abl. vocantibus vocantibus calling, while calling