Activities Powerpoint

Roots of Science Before 1500, scholars generally decided what was true or false by referring to an ancient Greek or Roman author or to the Bible. The Printing Press helped spread new ideas.

Earth During the Middle Ages, most scholars believed the Earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe. Common sense seemed to agree with this, why?

This earth centered theory was established by Aristotle and Ptolemy of Greece. Also, Christianity had taught that God had deliberately placed the earth at the center of the universe. Geocentric Theory

Exploration and Paper European exploration to parts unknown helped spark new ideas and led to navigational/scientific inventions. Also, Johannes Gutenberg and his printing press helped make books cheaper, thus stirring debate.

A New Theory A Polish astronomer named Nicolaus Copernicus argued the earth revolved around the sun = heliocentric theory. Copernicus was fearful of ridicule and persecution…why? He published his books the last year of his life.

Galileo Johannes Kepler used his math skills to demonstrate planet movements. The Italian, Galileo Galilei, used a Dutch lens maker to build a superior telescope, which confirmed the theories of Copernicus.

The Church Galileo’s findings frightened the established church teachings. Despite warnings from the Catholic Church, Galileo published his findings and was summoned before the Papal Court in 1633. He was forced to recant, but supposedly turned as said…?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgtOXNcOW1s

Scientific Method Galileo was never again a free man and remained and lived under house arrest until death. A new method was adopted using a logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas.

MMM Bacon! Francis Bacon, an English writer, believed practical knowledge by scientists would improve people’s lives. Was he right? He urged scientists to use experiments for conclusions = empirical method/ empiricism.

Doubt and Reason Rene Descartes, believed everything should be doubted until proved by reason. The only thing he knew for certain was …..? http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=QE8dL1SweCw

Apples English scientist Sir Isaac Newton was certain that all physical objects were affected equally by the same forces and thus there was a universal gravitation. He used an orange as an example…I mean an apple.

Clocks Newton described the universe as a giant clock. Newton believed that God was the creator of this orderly universe, the clockmaker who had set everything in motion. Your theories?

Scientific Instruments Microscope = bacteria Barometer = weather Thermometer = temperature

Medicine Ancient scientists rarely ever dissected human bodies. Any guesses what they dissected instead? Vesalius studied bodies and their anatomy. Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent smallpox. What is a vaccine?

Government The Age of Reason or Enlightenment stressed reason and thought and brought great change to many aspects of Western civilization. Two views emerged, drawing different conclusions about government and human nature.

Man =  Thomas Hobbes expressed his work in a book called Leviathan. He thoughts humans were naturally “selfish and wicked.” People needed to hand over their rights to a strong leader = social contract.

Man =  John Locke held a more positive view; people were reasonable and could learn from their experiences and improve themselves. They were born free and equal and should self govern. What type of government would Hobbes have liked?

Mystery Men The Enlightenment reached its height in France. Social critics of the time were known as philosophes. Their core beliefs were: Reason, Nature, Happiness, Progress, and Liberty.