Race and Ethnicity George Ritzer Presented by Rolande D. Dathis Chapter 9 Race and Ethnicity George Ritzer Presented by Rolande D. Dathis

What is race?

Concept of Race and Ethnicity Concepts of Race and Ethnicity Race Ethnicity Ethnic Group Historical Thinking About Race Racial and Ethnic Identities Fluidity of racial Categories(Hypodescent Rule) Scientific Explanation Cultural Explanation

Race and Ethnicity Race is biological concept uses to differentiate people based on skin color, hair texture, as well as a shared lineage . Ethnicity is a state of belonging to and identifying with a given social group. Ethnic Groups A group commonly defined on the basis of cultural traditions and characteristic like common language, religion, ancestral, and many more.

Historical thinking about race The notion of race has taken multiple forms over the centuries. Imperial invasions - whites imposed their will on other races with the economic and social exploitation objectives Peak of the British Empire- British took control over India, the West Indies, and West Africa and all of those were dark-skinned populations.

Scientific explanations about race Enlightenment philosophers believed in the harmony of human race and in addition they incorporated the ideas of categorizing groups of people from primeval to modern. Social Darwinism and Herbert Spencer argued that the racial differences derived from the evolutionary differences between the races. Gregor Mendel in his work on genetic and heredity argued that the races can be differentiated from one another on the basis of their genetic makeup (Ritzer 2015).

Scientific explanations about race Professor Alan R. Templeton in the Department of Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis argued that races in biological sense does not stand because there are not adequate genetic diversity between groups of individuals to claim that there are sub-lineages (races) of humans. Further, only 6% of 35,000 human genes account for the color of an individual’s skin (Benokraitism 2012).

Cultural explanations about race Cultural superiority and inferiority have been replaced by culture of poverty. Culture of poverty is used to legitimate racial disparities in class position.

Fluidity of racial categories Race is a fluid and dynamic social concept. Hypodescent rule Separate but equal( 1896 Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson)

Racial and ethnic identities

Racial and ethnic identities Racial and ethnic identities give a sense of belonging to minorities even they have to adopt for most of the time some aspects of the cultural values and practices of the dominant culture.

Majority-Minority Relations Minority-Minority Population Majority Group Minority Group Patterns of interaction Intersectionality Stereotypes, Prejudices and Discriminations Social Construction Pluralism Assimilation Segregation Genocide

Patricia Hill Collins (1948)

Intersectionality “ The confluence , or intersection of various social statuses and the inequality and oppression associated with each in combination with others”( Ritzer 2015p301).

Majority-Minority Relations Race, Ethnicity and Education Race , Ethnicity and Consumption Marketing to Minorities White Consumption Of Black Culture Commercialization Of Ethnicity

Joe Feagin (1938)

Joe Feagin / White Racial Frame “ An array of racist ideas, racial stereotypes , racialized stories and tales, racist images, powerful racial emotions, and various inclinations to discriminate against blacks”(Ritzer 2015 p308).

Racism Racism , Xenophobia Foundation of Racism Institutional Racism (IR) Social Movement And Race Racist Motives Role of Individuals In (IR) Ideological Motive Hate Groups Social Structure of Racism Bigotry Motive Civil Rights Movement Emotional Motive Invisibility In (IR) Culture and Racism Criminal-Materialist Motive(Affirmative Action) Collective Identity and Power Movement Political-Territorial Motive

Collective identity and power movements Emergent of the Black power movement in the 1960s Development of racial consciousness among minorities . Black adopted the slogan “Black is beautiful”. Hispanics/ Brown Berrets “ Viva la raza”. Latinos raise South American Indian ancestry to a matter of pride.

Race in Ethnicity in global context Diaspora Ethnic conflict within nation states Ethnic identity and globalization Expulsion Genocide Ethnic cleansing Global prejudice and discrimination Global flows on race and ethnicity Orientalism Positive and negative flows Racial and ethnic barriers