The Endocrine System (Chemical Control System) Hormones Steroid Hormones Protein Hormones Negative feedback The Pituitary Gland Posterior and Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Metabolism and Thyroid T4 Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Blood Sugar and the Pancreas Stress and adrenaline Cortisol

Chemical Signals _______ Hormones: chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body Endocrine Hormones: chemicals secreted by endocrine glands directly into the blood

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Endocrine System ________ Nervous System – responds quickly to environmental changes Endocrine System – takes longer but maintains control over a longer duration of time

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Steroid Hormones Made from cholesterol (lipid) Not Soluble in water (but are in fat) ______ Hormone-Receptor complex moves into nucleus and activates a gene to produce a specific protein. Examples: Male and Female Sex Hormones

Protein Hormones Contain chains of amino acids of varying length Soluble in water Combine with receptors on the cell membrane ________ Ex/ increase protein production Examples: ……………….

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Many hormones undergo negative feedback

The Pituitary Gland Has control over all other endocrine glands _________ Click below in slideshow mode to see how videos are embedded right onto your slides.

Posterior Lobe of Pituitary ________ ADH – acts on kidneys to restore water balance Oxytocin ……………..

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Growth and Anterior Pituitary Growth Hormone (GH) _______ Too little GH – dwarfism Too much GH - gigantism

Metabolism and Thyroid Thyroid Gland Mainly Produces Thyroxine (T4) and Calcitonin

T4 The 4 stands for 4 iodine atoms, therefore, you need iodine in your diet to produce these hormones If you lack iodine, thyroxin is not produced so your anterior pituitary continually sends signals ………….. ___________

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Blood Sugar and the Pancreas alpha and beta cells are found in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. __________

_________ Glucagon converts glycogen  glucose in the liver when your blood glucose is to low

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Stress Stress hormones provide more blood glucose to cope with the elevated energy requirements brought on by stress

Epinephrine (Epi) - Adrenaline Response to stress Produced in the adrenal gland _________ Increases alertness/awareness Accelerates heart rate …………… Prepares your body to ………..

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Cortisol Produced in the adrenal gland It is released in response to stress and a low level of blood glucose. Its primary functions are to: ___________ suppress the immune system aid in fat, ……………..