The Evolution of World Politics Chapter 2 The Evolution of World Politics

The Evolving World System: Early Development

Origins of the Nation-State

Integration process Rise of centralized monarchies

Disintegration process The Treaty of Westphalia (1648) Emphasis on state sovereignty within anarchical political system Decline of papal authority Collapse of multinational empires

The Evolving World System: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Popular Sovereignty, Westernization, Eurowhite Domination, and Multipolar Balance of Power The rise of democracy Interplay of nationalism and democracy Conceptualization of people as the seat of power--American and French Revolutions

Westernization of international system Industrialization

European multipolar balance-of-power system Shifting alliances Numerous major powers

The Evolving World System: The Twentieth Century

Rapid Pace of Change Impact of technology Economic expansion

The Twentieth Century: The Years to World War II

Rising power of nationalism Empires collapse States gain independence

European multipolar balance-of-power system ends Realpolitik attempt to reestablish balance Loss of fluidity and emergence of two hostile blocs Fear of weakening Germany British concern about the possibility of French domination Rise of communist USSR Increased roles for Japan and the United States League of Nations established

The Twentieth Century: The Cold War Begins and Ends

WWII results in shifts in the polar structure of the system Collapse of Eurocentered multipolar structure into a bipolar system

Rise and decline of bipolar system East-West Axis established Cold war Containment--globalization of U.S. policy Confrontation--Cuban missile crisis, Vietnam Détente End of bipolar system

The Twenty-First Century Begins: Changes and Choices

Political Structure and Orientation: Changes and Choices Emerging polar structure: multipolar system

Multipolar System States as major powers Fluid patterns of alliances

Modified multipolar system Power of states restrained by international organizations, international law, and interdependence Regional poles

Weakening Western orientation Colonial possessions become states Increase in number of non-Western independent states Strong presence in UN Joining together to promote their causes (Group of 77) Different value systems Less developed countries

Challenges to authority of states

External challenges--McWorld Political integration Increase in number and importance of international actors Economic interdependence Social integration

Internal challenges--Jihad Ethnic rivalries State disintegration Former USSR Yugoslavia Kosovo Czechoslovakia East Timor Turkey Rwanda Increased number of refugees Movement toward autonomy Quebec

Security: Changes and Choices

National security based on self-reliance: Advantages and disadvantages Costs Failure to protect lives Advent of nuclear weapons Alternatives to self-reliance Arms control International security forces

International Economics: Changes and Choices

Increasing economic interdependence World Bank, IMF, GATT/WTO UN-associated economic agencies

Emphasis on free trade: Regional associations ASEAN, EU, Mercosur, NAFTA

Trade and monetary tensions Surrendering sovereignty MNCs--regulations

Expansion of monetary exchange

Growing gap between North and South Newly industrializing countries (NICs) GNP disparity between EDCs and LDCs Less developed countries demand new international economic order

The Quality of Life: Changes and Choices

Increasing importance of human rights Norms of behavior International Criminal Court Rights of Women UN fourth World Conference on Women

Emphasis on environment Idea of sustainable development