1. K EY E VENTS IN I NTERNATIONAL S YSTEM D EVELOPMENT

2. K EY E VENTS The Beginning 18 th & 19 th Centuries 20 th & 21 st Centuries

3. T HE B EGINNING Why is this building, the Friedensaal, significant to international relations?

4. T REATY OF W ESTPHALIA Signed in 1648- ended the 30 Years War

5. T REATY OF W ESTPHALIA -1648 3 things came out of the Treaty: Sovereignty  States  System

6. 18 TH & 19 TH C ENTURIES 3 Key Changes Impacted System Development 1) Culmination of Multipolar System 2) Demand for Popular Sovereignty 3) Westernization of International System

7. Power Pole Growing Power Pole Power Pole Power Pole 1 Power Pole = Unipolar System 2 Power Poles = Bipolar System 4+ Power Poles = Multipolar System Power Pole Growing Power 1- C ULMINATION OF M ULTIPOLAR S YSTEM

8. 18 TH & 19 TH C ENTURIES 3 Key Changes Impacted System Development 1) Culmination of Multipolar System 2) Demand for Popular Sovereignty 3) Westernization of International System

9. 2- E VOLUTION OF P OPULAR S OVEREIGNTY Raison d’état (‘Requirements of the State) Challenges to raison d’état Push for ‘popular’ sovereignty

10. 18 TH & 19 TH C ENTURIES 3 Key Changes Impacted System Development 1) Culmination of Multipolar System 2) Demand for Popular Sovereignty 3) Westernization of International System

11. 3- W ESTERNIZATION OF I NT ’ L S YSTEM Scientific & Technological Advances Guns & Gunpowder Naval Technology Industrial Revolution Colonization & Imperialism What are these? Where?

12. T HE A MERICAS

13.  Britain  France  Germany  Italy  Portugal  Belgium  Spain A FRICA

14. A SIA  Britain  Netherlands  France  U.S.  Japan  Russia

15. T HE S UN N EVER S ETS

16. 20 TH & 21 ST C ENTURIES World War I - 1914-1919 Bolshevik Revolution The Great Depression World War II - 1939-1945 Post WWII Cold War Era - 1945-1991 Post CW Era - 1991 to present

17. W ORLD W AR I Treaty of Versailles War Reparations Empires end Ottoman Empire Austro-Hungarian Empire

18. O TTOMAN E MPIRE FROM 1807-1924 All of Austria, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Large parts of Serbia, Romania Bits of Italy, Montenegro, Poland, Ukraine

19. A USTRO -H UNGARIAN E MPIRE 1867–1918 All of Austria, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Parts of Romania, Poland, Germany, Italy, Ukraine

20. P OST W ORLD W AR I Rise of Communist Russia Rise of German nationalism Either Death to Capitalism or Death by Capitalism

21. P OST W ORLD W AR I The Great Depression Munich Conference Sudentenland & Appeasement Policy Neville Chamberlain ‘appeasing’ Hitler, 1938

22. W ORLD W AR II European Theater of Operations Pacific Theater of Operations

23. P OST W ORLD W AR II Emergence of a Bipolar System Formation of the United Nations Decolonization Self-determination

24. W AR OF I DEOLOGIES : D EMOCRACY V. C OMMUNISM Securing Interests in Europe United States Marshall Plan, Truman Plan North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Soviet Union Eastern European takeover= Eastern Bloc Warsaw Treaty Pact

25. C OLD W AR F OREIGN P OLICY Cuban Missile Crisis - 1962 US Containment Doctrine Nixon goes to China - 1972 SU invades Afghanistan - 1979 Brief era of détente

26. C OLD W AR E RA -T HE R EAGAN Y EARS New Soviet Premier- 1985 Perestroika (economic restructuring) Glasnost (openness) Berlin Wall is torn down - 1989 Eastern Bloc countries follow Fall of the Soviet Union - 1991 End of bipolar system

27. P OST -C OLD W AR E RA Multipolar System Global North v. Global South European Union Expansion of EU in P-CW eraEU Adoption of euro - 1999euro China joins World Trade Organization (WTO)

28. E CONOMIC G LOBAL D IVISION Global North (light red) Global South Emerging Economies (dark red) Developing (white)

29. P OST -C OLD W AR E RA 9/11 War in Afghanistan - 2001 Iraq - 2003 Global Economic Recession Arab Spring - 2011