1. The Basics

2. How it Began

3. The Beginning Why is this building, the Friedensaal, significant
to international relations?
Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
Ended 30 Years’ War

4. Treaty of Westphalia-1648 Sovereignty States System
3 things came out of the Treaty:
Sovereignty
States
System
Multipolar system
4+ power poles
Tried to balance power

5. Rise of Popular Sovereignty
Raison d’état (‘Requirements of the State’)
Divine Right of Kings
Challenges to raison d’état
‘Popular’ sovereignty
American, French Revolutions

6. European Domination Scientific & Technological Advances
Naval Technology
Guns & Gunpowder
Industrial Revolution
Need to expand
Colonialism & Imperialism
What are these?
Berlin Conference ( )
British domination

7. The Sun Never Sets

8. A Changing World World wars Cold War Decolonization Rise of China
U.S. v. S. U.
Bipolar system
Decolonization
Self-determination= independence
Rise of China
Globalization
Intangible
Tangible
9/11

9. The System: Actors & Issues

10. System Actors States International organizations
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
Global, regional
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
Global, regional, national, local
Multinational corporations (MNCs)
Nations (≠countries)
Religious groups
Terrorist networks
Leaders, prominent individuals

12. Development Differences
Global North
Advanced Industrialized Countries
~ 32 countries
Global South
‘Developing’
~162 countries
= 83 % of states
Very diverse
Ex-colonies
Rely on primary goods
Coffee prices
Country
GDP per capita
Status
China
$14,340
Emerging Economy
Nigeria
$6,121
Average
Burundi
$831
Very poor country

13. Where is this?

14. Transnational Issues Political Security Economic Socio-cultural
-Cross national political borders
Political
Security
Economic
Socio-cultural
Environmental
Health
Energy
Human rights

15. What are Mangroves?

16. About Mangroves Why are mangroves so important? Biodiversity
Fish habitats
Storm barriers
Capture, reduce, carbon emissions

17. Where are the Mangroves?

18. Issues What is being done to help protect mangroves?
Financial incentives
Carbon permits
Conservation strategies
REDD
Should you care about mangroves?