Harmonising Biofuels Quality and Labelling in Europe Ortwin Costenoble – CEN Secretary Biofuels International Conference – 22 September 2016

How does it work? Fuels Quality Directive (FQD), 98/70/EC: Establishes minimum specifications for petrol and diesel fuels for use in road and non-road mobile applications for health and environmental reasons Environmental specifications for market fuels to be used for vehicles equipped with positive ignition engines and compression ignitions engines Member States shall ensure that petrol and diesel may be placed on the market within their territory only if it complies with the environmental specifications set out in Annex I/II Member States shall ensure the provision of appropriate information to consumers concerning the biofuel content Biofuels International Conference – 22 September 2016 – O. Costenoble

Link between CEN specs and FQD CEN implements the FQD as part of its standards EN 228 and EN 590 are voluntary standards! Countries can implement the FQD in different ways Some countries refer to EN 228 and EN 590 in law Some countries implement only the FQD in law by Decrees 34 countries adopt CEN specifications nationally Note: All standards have their own national adoption to comfort climates, additional regulations and requirements for pump marking Member States shall monitor compliance with the requirements of Articles 3 and 4, in respect of petrol and diesel fuels, on the basis of the analytical methods referred to in European standards EN 228:2008 and EN 590:2008 respectively Test methods shall be those specified in EN 228/EN 590. Member States may adopt the analytical method specified in replacement EN 228/EN 590 standard if it can be shown to give at least the same accuracy and at least the same level of precision as the analytical method it replaces 3

(Bio)fuel specifications Product Standard Petrol (E5 + E10) EN 228:2012 LPG EN 589:2008+A1:2012 Diesel (B7) EN 590:2013 E85 CEN/TS 15293:2011 Ethanol EN 15376:2014 Paraffinic diesel EN 15940:2016 B10 EN 16734:2016 B20 / B30 EN 16709:2015 B100 and FAME EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 Vegetable oil CWA 16379:2011 Pyrolysis oil EN 16900:2017 Fuel oil / Marine fuel ISO 8217:2013 (bio)CNG prEN 16723-2:2014 Hydrogen ISO 14687 (verschillende delen)

How are these delivered? Same fuel pump colours for different fuels Different dispenser colours following the countries Diesel : yellow in France, green in Greece (black in other countries)

Alternative Fuels Infrastructure? Directive 2014/94/EU EU intends to overcome the chicken-and-egg situation for alternative fuels (CNG, LNG, H2, electricity, bio- and synthetic fuels) Member States shall deploy infrastructure (minimise dependence on oil and mitigate environmental impact) These installation shall fulfil to CEN standards Member States shall ensure that information is made available which motor vehicles can be regularly fuelled or recharged with these fuels (marketing and safety) As of 18 November 2016 …….. Biofuels International Conference – 22 September 2016 – O. Costenoble

CEN/TC 441 Develop standards that provide a harmonized graphical expression of the labelling requirement for marketed liquid and gaseous fuels. The expression shall include a colour-coding scheme and be simple and easy to understand while ensuring clear and consistent labelling of existing and new market fuels. The requirements set in the standard shall be based on real information needs of consumers regarding the fuel- and vehicle-compatibility which they need when they arrive at a filling station, fuel outlet or recharging point Biofuels International Conference – 22 September 2016 – O. Costenoble

CEN/TC 441 In view of the harmonization of fuel labelling around Europe a single standard is developed: Member States only need to refer to a single document in their implementation of the Directive, Industry only has to check one document for information about the labelling of their installations and vehicles, New fuels can in the future be standardized under a single document. Biofuels International Conference – 22 September 2016 – O. Costenoble

Variability in fuel pump design Biofuels International Conference – 22 September 2016 – O. Costenoble

What happens at the pump? 14 active countries and 11 European associations (fuels, OEMs, consumers) worked for a year 4 EC Directorates participated and informed the MS continuously EN 16942 was published on 12 October 2016 Biofuels International Conference – 22 September 2016 – O. Costenoble

What happens at the pump? vehicle = transport modality (including vessels) three identifier shapes for petrol, diesel and gaseous fuel types black with a white or silver internal background two minimum sizes placement on dispenser, nozzle, immediate proximity of the vehicle fuel filler cap or filler flap, in the user manual and at the dealership Biofuels International Conference – 22 September 2016 – O. Costenoble

Questions? Ortwin Costenoble NEN Energy Vlinderweg 6, 2623 AX, the Netherlands t: +31 – 15 26 90 326 ortwin.costenoble@nen.nl Biofuels International Conference – 22 September 2016