Overall Causes and Lead up to 1927

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Collapse of Chinese Imperial Rule

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Presentation transcript:

Overall Causes and Lead up to 1927 Chinese Civil War Overall Causes and Lead up to 1927

White Board What were two problems in China we discussed yesterday in class?

Long Term – Socioeconomic 1900 Manchu Dynasty was weak Famine widespread 8% population growth vs 1% ag growth Up to 80% ag tax Tech and Western imports cut city jobs Ag lacking any tech advance

Long Term – Political Weakness Opium Wars = European nations gained Spheres of Influence Boxer Rebellion fail- monks led unsuccessful uprising against Europeans and Japanese Lack of Modernization- Western imperialism

Discuss What long term conditions existed in China that led to civil unrest?

Long Term – Overthrow of Manchu 1908 Pu Yi takes power increases taxes 1911 Double Tenth revolution 1911 Dr Sun Yixian president of Chinese Republic Sun gives Northern general Yuan Shikai presidency Sun and and Yuan Shikai take full Power in 1912. Pu Yi steps down Sun Yixian

Long Term – Rule of Yuan Shikai Military regime Sun sets up GMD to unify China Nationalism, Democracy, Reform Yuan becomes more Repressive Sun tries to overthrow Yuan Yuan abolishes constitutional regional assemblies and declares himself emperor Sun and General Jiang Jieshi team up Yuan would abandon Empire 1916

Confusion? GMD is the same as the KMT = Nationalist Different names for the same organization Jiang Jieshi Chiang Kai-shek

Discuss What is the significance of Sun Yixian? What is the significance of Yuan Shikai?

Warlords of China Discuss: What issues does this image highlight?

Short Term – May 4th Movement China breaks into warlord districts 1919 May 4th movement Students protest over War Lords, Traditional Chinese culture, and Japanese influence Protesters look to Bolshevik revolution in Russia and support communism Others support GMD Nationalists GMD under Sun and communists unite 1922 goal of taking control over war lords

White Board What goal united the CCP and the GMD?

Short term –Communists and Nationalists 1925 GMD not successful Sun dies, Jiang Jieshi takes control USSR supports GMD New Chinese Communist party immerges Mostly intellectuals USSR urges CCP to aid GMD

Short Term - The First Front Both GMD CCP want unification 1922 First United Front Jiang leads with USSR back Removed Communist from top political spots Northern Expedition 1926-27 1928 Warlords removed GMD and Jiang Control China

Immediate Cause – GMD attacks CCP China not united (ideology) CCP- GMD- CCP must be crushed, Jiang expels from Gov White Terror army killed 5k communist Purification Movement 250k killed 1927 CCP retreats to mountains Chinese civl war begins CCP communist vs GMD Nationalist