Unit 13 Leadership in sport Level 3 Task 2

Lesson Aims Know about some of the psychological factors when leading a sports activity Understand the different stages of group and team development Understand what will be required for task 3 / 4 and begin to work towards planning a sports event

Psychological factors in leading sports activities The may effect the delivery of the session by the leader Get the most out of people Ensure people enjoy the session Allow aims and objectives to be achieved To be able to act accordingly in different situations To be able to predetermine possible situations and deal with them before they become an issue Why do we think it is important to develop skills understanding different psychological factors?

Psychological factors What may these be? Personality Motivations Intrinsic and extrinsic motivators Stress Anxiety Arousal How may these affect performance? Also all of these can be affected by other people, either within the team, out of the team or observers.

Group Cohesion - Task The group is split into two teams, one the observer and one taking part in the practical (change afterwards) Group A (volunteers) are to line up in a particular order Without speaking you must rearrange themselves into height, age, or DOB order The observer group are to watch and see what roles each individual takes and how this works

cohesion How well did the teams perform Why and how did they achieve this Did you notice different personalities within the task Were there any problems in completing the task What were these and why

Cohesion When developing as a group as a sports team, performance can be affected by each other in a positive or negative way. Can you describe what cohesion is by creating an appropriate definition? “The state of cohering and or sticking together in the pursuit of a goal, target or outcome ” It is important a leader develops cohesion after a team has formed so everyone is working together

Forms of Cohesion Task Cohesion How well the group or team works together to achieve a particular goal This may be mostly closely related to successful sporting performance. If a team are not working well together they may not achieve what they intend to An example of this is…… Pakistani Cricket team?

Social Cohesion How well the team members get on and enjoy each others company A group may get on and enjoy playing together with winning or losing not usually the primary goal Can you provide examples? Teddy Sheringham and Andy Cole

Cohesion As a sports leader how could you assist in group cohesion? Appropriate goals and targets Always observe Prevent isolation Provide opportunity to form bonds Resolve or assist in resolving conflicts Address arising problems before they become an issue

Factors affecting cohesion Environmental Factors Groups that are close together Smaller groups are more cohesive (interaction, form Relationships) Leadership Styles, behaviours, communication Styles, personalities Factors affecting cohesion Personal Individual characteristics Motivation to achieve goals Team - Longevity - Experiences of success and failures Ownership Decision making

Lesson aims Recap from last week – Group cohesion Understand the stages of group development Know what your role as a sports leader may be at the different stages of group development Understand what is meant by social loafing

Development Stages of group formation Four stages of development (Tuckman, 1965) Forming Storming Norming Performing What are your thoughts of each stage?

Forming Getting to know each other Decide if you belong to this group Assess others strengths and weaknesses Test each others relationships Test different roles within the group and decide if confident and comfortable with this What does a sports leader do at this stage? Directive, involved leader, allowing and instigating interaction

Storming Conflicts begin to develop between individuals Cliques may develop Questioning of authority and resistance of control Demands put onto people from others People begin to want to acquire more status What does a sports leader do at this stage? Guidance on decision making Help the team move forward Provide an environment and opportunity to resolve conflict

Norming Issues occurring in the storming begin to be resolved Cooperation and solidarity replace this Working towards common goals rather than on individuals agendas Increase of group satisfaction What does a sports leader do at this stage? Allow individuals in the group to become more involved and responsibly for decisions Allow people to be more responsible for their behaviour

Performing Team Functions??? What does a sports leader do at this stage?

Group development - Cohesion All groups follow this process Time and order of each stage is dependent on the group Groups may re-visit various stages at any time Why and when may this occur?

Social Loafing What do you understand by this term? Can you provide any examples? The Ringlemann Effect? What does a sports leader do?

Social Loafing What do you understand by this term? Where some people don’t put all their effort it Can you provide any examples? The Ringlemann Effect? Individuals did not put as much effort in when working as a group as they did working as an individual (pulling a rope) People are not as accountable for their own performance You can ‘hide’ behind others What does a sports leader do? Motivate, set goals, improve cohesion

Personality Personality is our unique characteristics that make us different Different people have different personalities This may determine how they behave and how it motivates them As a sports leader knowing personalities and how people ‘tick’ can be hugely beneficial A common simple categorisation of personality is introvert and extrovert.

Introvert and extrovert Writs down how you think an introvert and an extrovert may be defined Think of some examples of sports performers, put their sport, if it is team or individual and their type of personality.

Motivation What do you understand by this term? Why is it important? Are there different types of motivation? Speak to 4 other people in the group. Find out what sport they play and why they play it. From this information decide if they are mainly intrinsically or extrinsically motivated