2. Chapter 10
GROUPS & WORK TEAMS

3. LEARNING OUTCOMES Define groups and teams
Explain the characteristics of a group
Discuss the development of groups and teams
Identify the characteristics of effective team performance
Discuss ways to manage adverse behaviour in a group

4. INTRODUCTION
Much of the activity within organizations occurs within groups – from informal groups of employees to formal autonomous work groups.
Group activities can be critical to the success of the organization.

5. DEFINITION OF GROUPS AND TEAMS
A work group is a collection of people working in the same area or placed together to complete a task.
A team is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, a set of performance goals, and an approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

6. REASONS PEOPLE JOIN GROUPS
Groups allow members to simply be in the company of other people
COMPANIONSHIP
From a historic perspective, our ancestors form groups for hunting and defense
SURVIVAL
AND SECURITY
Membership into various groups can provide individuals with certain social status or security
AFFILIATION
AND STATUS
With group membership comes the opportunity for leadership roles
POWER
AND CONTROL
Groups have the capability to achieve more than individuals acting alone
ACHIEVEMENT

7. TYPES OF GROUPS AND TEAMS
FORMAL AND INFORMAL GROUPS
FORMAL GROUP
Designed by top management for achieving organizational goals
Concentrates more on the performance of a job
People are placed in hierarchy and their status determined accordingly
Coordination of members are controlled through processes and procedures

8. TYPES OF GROUPS AND TEAMS
INFORMAL GROUP
A natural outcome at the workplace, not designed and planned
Organization is coordinated by group norms and not by norms of the formal organization
Such group associations are not specified in the blueprint of the formal organization

9. MANAGER LED AND SELF-MANAGING TEAMS
Functional teams 
Cross-functional teams 
Self-directed work teams
Virtual teams
Task forces
The problem-solving team

10. CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUPS
Size
Norms
Cohesiveness
Roles

11. STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
Stage 1: Forming
Stage 2: Storming
Stage 3: Norming
Stage 4: Performing
Stage 5: Adjourning

12. ADVERSE GROUP BEHAVIOUR
SOCIAL LOAFING
Social loafing describes the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group.
DIFFUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY
As the number of people in the group increases, people tend to feel deindividuation. This term defines both the dissociation from individual achievement and the decrease of personal accountability, resulting in lower exerted effort for individuals in collaborative environments.

13. ADVERSE GROUP BEHAVIOUR
ESCALATION OF COMMITMENT
Escalation of commitment occurs when we invest resources into a course of action that is failing. Resources can be time, money, energy, etc. that we continue to put into an investment because we don’t want to appear to be inconsistent.

14. ADVERSE GROUP BEHAVIOUR
GROUPTHINK
Group members try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative ideas or viewpoints, and by isolating themselves from outside influences.

15. SUMMARY
A work group is a collection of people working in the same area or placed together to complete a task. 
A well-managed work group or team will lead to organizational success.