The Periodic Table PERIODS (or SERIES) GROUPS (or COLUMNS)

Metals, Nonmetals, Semimetals

Properties Metals: metallic luster, ductility, malleability, react with nonmetals, solid state, conduct heat, conduct electricity. Located to the left of the “staircase” Nonmetals: dull, brittle, low melting point, nonconductors, react with metals and nonmetals Located to the right of the “staircase” Semimetals: have properties of metals and nonmetals Located on the “staircase”

Group 1: Alkali Metals Lower densities than other metals One loosely bound valence electron Highly reactive React violently with water Lithium (Li) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Rubidium (Rb) Cesium (Cs) Francium (Fr) http://image.ecplaza.net/offer/e/easternlithium/5059063_s.jpg

Alkali Metals Sodium (Na) Density @ 293 K: 0.971 g/cm3 Color: silvery Date of Discovery: 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy Name Origin: soda (Na2CO3) Symbol Origin: From the Latin word natrium (sodium) Uses: medicine, agriculture Obtained From: table salts and other foods http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/2/Q/sodium.jpg

Alkali Metals Potassium (K) Density: 0.828g/cm3 Melting point: 336.53K (63.38 °C) Boiling point: 1023K (759OC) Date of Discovery: 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy “Kalium” is arabic for “calcined ash” When in contact with water, hydrogen gas is produced. The hydrogen gas usually ignites. Pure potassium is never found; it is isolated from compounds and frequently found in its ion form. http://www.creatingacolourfullife.com/images/potassium.jpg

Alkali Metals Potassium (K) Potassium acts to relax muscle contraction. Assist regulation of heartbeat. Help as a major component in Na+K+ Pump for action potentials. Assist pH balance in blood and tissues. Hypokalemia (potassium deficiency) can result in Muscle weakness and spasms Heart deterioration http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/images/muscle4.jpg RDA: 1875mg-5625mg Some sources: bananas, orange juice, almonds, apples, dried figs

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Two electrons in the outer shell reactive Beryllium (Be) Magnesium (Mg) Calcium (Ca) Strontium (Sr) Barium (Ba) Radium (Ra) http://www.americanelements.com/ingot.jpg

Alkaline Earth Metals Calcium (Ca) Density @ 293 K: 1.55 g/cm3 Melting point: 1115K (842 °C) Boiling point: 1757K (1484 °C) Color: Silvery Date of Discovery: 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy Name Origin: From the latin word calcis (lime) Uses: life forms for bones and shells Obtained From: chalk, limestone, marble. 3.5% of crust http://www.daviddarling.info/images/calcium.jpg

Alkaline Earth Metals Calcium (Ca) Calcium acts to Contract muscles. Promote health of bones. Assist blood clotting. Calcium carbonate –dietary supplement, antacid Calcium citrate –dietary supplement, preservative (calcium is absorbed more readily compared to calcium carbonate but more must be taken) http://images.asia.ru/img/alibaba/photo/51736096/Precipitated_Calcium_Carbonate.jpg RDA: 800 mg Some good sources: sesame seeds, almonds, broccoli, dairy products

Groups 3-16 Transition Metals Other Metals Metalloids/Semimetals Metals in Groups 3-12 Other Metals (Aluminum (Al), Gallium (Ga), Indium (In), Thallium (Tl), Tin (Sn), Lead (Pb), Bismuth (Bi)) Metalloids/Semimetals (Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te), Polonium (Po), Astatine (At)) Nonmetals (Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Selenium (Se))

Group 17: Halogens “Halogen” means “salt-former”-compounds containing halogens are salts. Halogens have 7 valence electrons At room temperature, halogens exist as all three states of matter: Solid- Iodine (I), Astatine (At) Liquid- Bromine (Br) Gas- Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl) Iodine:http://images.asia.ru/img/alibaba/img/product/11/65/15/11651591.jpg

Group 18: Noble Gases Have the maximum number of valence electrons; they are stable, not on a quest to gain or lose electrons. Do not readily form compounds Helium (He) Neon (Ne) Argon (Ar) Krypton (Kr) Xenon (Xe) Radon (Rn) http://www.elementsales.com/photo/large/am-kr-1df.jpg

Inner Transition Elements Lanthanides: Silvery-white metals that tarnish when exposed to air, forming their oxides. Relatively soft metals. High melting points and boiling points. Burn easily in air. Actinides: All are radioactive. The metals tarnish readily in air. very dense metals with distinctive structures. http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/jdurg/Pm.jpg

Elements to Know H (hydrogen) Na (sodium) K (potassium) Mg (magnesium) Ca (calcium) C (carbon) N (nitrogen) P (phosphorus) O (oxygen) S (sulfur) F (fluorine) Cl (chlorine) Br (bromine) I (iodine)