1. The Periodic Table

2. Introduction to the Periodic Table
By 1830, there were 55 different elements, used for many different things
Today, there are 118 identified elements with more to come! 2

3. Dmitri Mendeleev Arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass3

4. Mendeleev’s table created in 1869 Mendeleev noticed that elements with
similar properties fell into groups on
the periodic table 4

5. Fun Fact!
In his final version of the periodic table in 1871, Mendeleev left gaps, predicting they would be filled by elements not yet known to scientists. He correctly predicted the properties of these elements

6. Henry Moseley Moseley realized that some of the elements
were out of order, so he rearranged the
elements according to their atomic number 6

7. Today’s periodic table
Elements are organized according to their atomic number
Periods – a row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually and predictably

8. Today’s periodic table
Group or Family – a column of elements that have similar physical or chemical properties 7

9. Zones on the Periodic Table
Representative elements – Groups 1-2 and groups 13-18
Transition elements – Groups 3-12 9

10. Metals Solids Luster Good conductor of heat and electricity Malleable
Ductile 10

11. Nonmetals Usually gases or brittle solids
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
phosphorous
sulfur

12. Metalloids Have some properties of metals and some of nonmetals
arsenic
boron 12

13. Element Symbols
The symbol for an element must always be written with the first letter capitalized and the second or third as a lower case letter! Cu Cs

14. Alkali Metals
Group 1 elements – Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium
Silvery solids with low densities and low melting points
Very reactive elements – from top to bottom of the periodic table
rubidium

15. Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2 elements – beryllium, magnesium calcium, strontium, barium, radium
Denser, harder and have a higher melting point than alkali element in same period
strontium 15

16. Boron Family Group 13 – all metals except Boron which is a metalloid
Uses: B – cookware
Al – cookware,
popcans
Ga –computer
chips
Indium wire 16

17. Carbon Family Group 14 carbon – nonmetal silicon & germanium
- metalloids
tin & lead - metals
carbon
germanium

18. The Nitrogen Family Group 15 includes
nitrogen and phosphorous (nonmetals)
Arsenic and antimony (metalloids)
Bismuth (metal)
antimony

19. fun fact
Nitrogen is relatively unreactive. Sometimes it is used inside a sealed case to protect valuable documents that might react with oxygen or other gases in air

20. The Oxygen Family Group 16 includes
Oxygen, sulfur, selenium (nonmetals)
Tellurium, polonium (metalloids)

21. The Halogen Family Group 17 Includes
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine (nonmetals)
Astatine (metalloid)
Chlorine gas

22. Noble Gases Group 18 Includes
Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon (nonmetals)
This group is very stable

23. Transition Elements

24. Iron Triad Includes: iron, cobalt, and nickel
All have magnetic properties
cobalt
iron 24

25. fun fact
Molecules containing transition elements are important to the life processes of many organisms. Perhaps the most familiar example of this is found in the iron-containing heme complex of hemoglobin, which is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood of all vertebrates and some invertebrates

26. Transition element vocabulary
Catalyst – a substance that can make something happen faster but is not changed itself
Synthetic elements – man-made elements

27. Inner Transition Elements
2 groups:
lanthanide series – from cerium to
lutetium (numbers 58 – 71)
actinide series – from thorium to lawrencium (numbers )

28. The Lanthanides
Characteristics – soft metals
thulium
terbium

29. The Actinide Series
Characteristics – radioactive, synthetic elements, metals
uranium