1. Applied Design

2. Objectives for this lesson  Study the origins of gemstones and minerals  Discover how the periodic table contributes to gemstone and mineral creation  Use knowledge of gemstone and mineral creation to grow jewelry crystals  Understand how knowledge of Earth and other terrestrial planet minerals relate to art

3. The Periodic Table of Elements  Follow along on your periodic tables  Make notes of each group’s properties as we discuss the elements  Highlight materials with which you are familiar  Keep your notes for our next project

4. The Periodic Table of Elements  Nine major sections based on atomic number and elemental properties  Create near-perfect rows based on chemical properties  Table lists atomic symbol, number, weight, and chemical name  Indicate natural state (solid, liquid, or gas)  Indicate whether it is manmade or synthetic

5. Alkali Metals  Hydrogen (H)  Lithium (Li)  Sodium (Na)  Potassium (K)  Rubidium (Rb)  Cesium (Cs)  Francium (Fr)

6. Alkali Metals  One electron in outer shell  Highly reactive with water  Hydrogen found naturally as a gas  All other elements found as solids  No synthetics in this group

7. Alkaline Earth Metals  Beryllium (Be)  Magnesium (Mg)  Calcium (Ca)  Strontium (St)  Barium (Ba)  Radium (Ra)

8. Alkaline Earth Metals  Two electrons in outer shell  Also reactive but not as reactive as the Alkali Metals  Radium is radioactive  All elements found as solids  No synthetics in this group

9. Boron Group  Boron (B)  Aluminum (Al)  Gallium (Ga)  Indium (In)  Thallium (Tl)  Element 113 has not yet been discovered

10. Boron Group  Three electrons in outer shell  All found solid in nature  Boron considered a metalloid  All others considered metals

11. Carbon Group  Carbon (C)  Silicon (Si)  Germanium (Ge)  Tin (Sn)  Lead (Pb)  Element 114 (Uuq)

12. Carbon Group  Four electron in the outer shell  Become increasingly more metallic as you go down the column  All are found as solids except element 114  Element 114 is synthetic

13. Nitrogen Group  Nitrogen (N)  Phosphorus (P)  Arsenic (As)  Antimony (Sb)  Bismuth (Bi)

14. Nitrogen Group  Five electrons in outer shell  Most people recognize more elements in this group than any other  Nitrogen found as a gas and makes up about 78% of the earth’s atmosphere  All other elements found as solids

15. Oxygen Group  Oxygen (O)  Sulfur (S)  Selenium (Se)  Tellurium (Te)  Polonium (Po)

16. Oxygen Group  Six electrons in the outer shell  Oxygen makes up about 20% of the Earth’s atmosphere (many people think it’s most of our air)  All are found as solids except Oxygen

17. Halogens (or Fluorine Group)  Fluorine (F)  Chlorine (Cl)  Bromine (Br)  Iodine (I)  Astatine (At)

18. Halogens (or Fluorine Group)  Seven electrons in the outer shell  Fluorine and Chlorine found as gases  Bromine found as a liquid  Iodine and Astatine found as solids

19. Noble Gases  Helium (He)  Neon (Ne)  Argon (Ar)  Krypton (Kr)  Xenon (Xe)  Radon (Rn)

20. Noble Gases  Eight electrons in the outer shell, or full valence shells  Do not create compounds easily since their valence shells are full  Were originally thought to be inert  All are found naturally as gases

21. Transition Metals  Consists of 68 different elements  Some elements include Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Gold (Au), Mercury (Hg), and Uranium (U)  Element 101 (Mendelevium) was named after Dmitri Mendeleev-the creator of the first periodic table

22. Transition Metals  Properties vary between transition metals, hence the name  Most are found as solids  Mercury is found as a liquid  Elements 43, 61, and 93-114 are synthetics

23. Activity  Use this time to familiarize yourself with the periodic table  In 5 minutes we will have a quiz game over the periodic table

24. Project  Create a periodic table of elements using paint samples  Use the colors to show the different properties of each elemental group  Label each group and element

25. Periodic table example

26. Gemstones and Minerals  Formed when elements combine chemically  Some mineral combinations form attractive qualities and are labeled as precious or semi- precious  Most gemstones used in jewelry are silicates  Most minerals and metals are either natural elements or silicates

27. Gemstones  Crystalline Quartz (including rose quartz, blue quartz, citrine, tiger's eye, amethyst, smoky quartz and milky quartz)  Cryptocrystalline Quartz (including agate, jasper, onyx, and flint)  Opal (common opal, hyalite, geyserite, and tripolite)

28. Gemstones  Diamond  Aquamarine  Emerald  Jade (amphiboles and pyroxenes)  Hematite  Garnet  Magnetite

29. Minerals  Potassium Feldspar  Silver  Copper  Gold