1. Unit 2
Periodic Table

2. Dmitri Mendeleev a Russian chemist and inventor
formulated the Periodic Law
created a version of the periodic table of elements
predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered

4. Periods
A row of elements in the periodic table whose elements change gradually and predictably.
7 periods
Period # = # of shells
Period 1 = 1 shell
Period 2 = 2 shells
Period 3 = 3 shells
Etc, etc

5. Periods

6. Groups (Families)
Columns in the Periodic Table that contain elements that have similar physical or chemical properties.
18 groups
Elements have same # of valence e-
Ex. Group13 has 3 valence e

7. Groups

8. Called FAMILIES because these elements are most similar to each other
Called FAMILIES because these elements are most similar to each other! Like siblings they are most alike!
Lets Practice!!!

9. Who is most like this Model?

10. Who is most like this Model?

11. Reactivity and Valence Electrons
electrons located in the valence shell
# of valence e- will determine the chemical properties of the atom including REACTIVITY
Reactivity- is a measure of how much a substance tends to react with other things
The more Valence e’s the more stable (LESS REACTIVE) and HAPPY (Noble Gases)
The less valence e’s the MORE REACTIVE and EXPLOSIVE or UNHAPPY (Alkali Earth Metals)

13. Metals
An element that has luster, is malleable, ductile, and is a good conductor of heat and electricity
Most are solids
Some are liquids (Mercury and Neptunium)
91 metals

14. Nonmetals -Gases or brittle solids -Poor conductors -Only 17 nonmetals
-include elements vital to life (P,C,O,I, N, S)
Sulfur
Chlorine
Carbon

15. Metalloids
-an element that shares some properties with metals and some with nonmetals.
-6 metalloids
Silicon

16. Color Your Periodic Table Not part of notes
Label the periods. (1-7)
Label the groups. (1-18)
Color metals blue.
Color non-metals yellow.
Color metalloids green.
Create a key to show what each color represents.

17. Color Your Period Table Not part of notes
Label the periods With Rings (1-7)
Label the groups (1-18)
Label all groups/families with # of Valence e-
Black out transition Metals
Color groups according to ROYGBV
Group 1 Red
Group 2 Red Orange
Group 13 Orange
Group 14 Yellow
Group 15 Green Yellow
Group 16 Green
Group 17 Blue
Group 18 Purple
Shade groups dark to light with darkest starting at the bottom to represent Atomic Mass
Draw happy/sad/neutral/angry faces to represent reactivity. (Happy=Full, angry =Least Full)

20. Group 1(Alkali Metals) Li Na -Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr -1 valence e-
-very reactive metals (except H-non-metal)
Conductors Li Na

21. Sodium
Potassium
Lithium
Rubidium
Cesium

23. Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals)
-Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
- 2 valence e-
-very reactive metals (less reactive than group 1)
Conductors Mg Be

24. Magnesium
Calcium
Beryllium
Strontium
Barium
Radium

26. Group 13 (The Boron Family)
B, Al, Ga, In, Tl
3 valence e-
All metal except B (metalloid)
Conductors
Boron semi conductor B AL

27. Group 14 (The Carbon Family)
C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb
4 valence e-
Nonmetals: C
Metalloids: Si, Ge
Metals: Sn, Pb
Conductors
Semi-conductors
insulators Si C

28. Group 15 (The Nitrogen Family)
N, P, As, Sb, Bi
5 valence e-
nonmetals: N, P
Metalloids: As, Sb
Metal: Bi
Conductors
Semi-conductors
insulators N

29. Group 16 (The Oxygen FAMILY)
-O, S, Se, Te, Po
-6 valence e-
-Non-metals
-Insulators S

30. Group 17 (The Halogen/Halides Family)
F, Cl, Br, I, At
7 valence e-
All nonmetal except At (metalloid)
“salt-formers” F Cl

31. Bromine
Fluorine
Chlorine
Iodine

33. Group 18 (The Noble Gases)
He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
Full Valence shells=Stable
Rarely combine with other elements He

36. Transition Elements Groups 3-12 All metals
Include the Inner Transition Elements
Lanthanide Series
Actinide Series

37. Halogens
Noble Gases
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals

38. Transition Elements
Inner Transition Elements