Follow along on Twitter! #MyanmarDHS @DHSprogram Survey Methodology

The 2015-16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015-16 MDHS) was implemented by the Ministry of Health and Sports of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Funding for the survey was provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Three Millennium Development Goal Fund (3MDG). ICF provided technical assistance through The DHS Program, which assists countries in the collection of data to monitor and evaluate population, health, and nutrition programs.

Objective The main objective of the 2015-16 MDHS is to provide information on fertility levels, marriage, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutrition, childhood and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, awareness and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other health-related issues such as smoking and knowledge of tuberculosis. This information is essential for programme managers and policymakers to evaluate and design programmes and strategies for improving the health of Myanmar’s population.

The Survey The 2015-16 MDHS is the 1st Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Myanmar as part of The DHS Program. It is designed to provide estimates at the national and regional levels, for urban and rural areas, and for each of Myanmar’s 15 states/regions.

Sample Design Sampling Frame: Based on the 2014 Census sampling frame First Stage: 442 clusters selected—123 urban and 319 rural Second Stage: 30 households were selected from each cluster, for a total sample size of 13,260 households Selected households were visited and interviewed; all women age 15-49 and half of all men age 15-49 in all of the selected households were interviewed.

Representing all of Myanmar Data were collected in non-state controlled areas and an IDP camp Interviewers from these regions were deliberately recruited Advocacy efforts in place before survey Additional security and training for some regions ADD CLUSTER MAP

15 Regions/States Covered by the MDHS

Questionnaires Household Questionnaire Woman’s Questionnaire English Questionnaires were translated into Myanmar

Questionnaires: Household Questionnaire Lists usual members and visitors to identify eligible individuals Basic characteristics of each person in the household collected (age, sex, education, etc.) Children’s school attendance Housing characteristics (access to drinking water, sanitation facilities, etc.) Anthropometry measurements for all children under 5, and women age 15-49 Anaemia testing for children 6-59 months, and women age 15-49 Identify women and men eligible for individual interview

Questionnaires: Woman’s Questionnaire Background characteristics (age, education, literacy, etc.) Birth history and child mortality Knowledge and use of family planning methods Fertility preferences Maternal health (antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care) Breastfeeding and infant feeding practices Child vaccinations and childhood illnesses Marriage and sexual activity Women’s work and husband’s background characteristics Women’s empowerment indicators Knowledge, awareness, and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other STIs Adult and maternal mortality Domestic violence

Questionnaires: Man’s Questionnaire Background characteristics (age, education, literacy, etc.) Knowledge of family planning methods Fertility preferences Employment and gender roles Knowledge, awareness, and behaviour regarding HIV/AIDS and other STIs Other health issues

Biomarkers Height and weight measurements: Children under 5 Women age 15-49 Anemia testing: Children age 6-59 months

Pretest and Main Survey Training Training and pretest fieldwork in January 2015 in Mandalay Refresher training for trainers in September 2015 Main Survey Training: Training from 28 September-23 October, 2015, in Nay Pyi Taw 148 field staff trained Refresher training 30 November in 3 locations

Fieldwork and Data Processing Total of 19 teams 1 supervisor, 1 field editor, 3-4 female interviewers, and 1 male interviewer Fieldwork conducted from 7 December 2015 to 7 July 2016. Data processing started in the field with computer- assisted field editing (CAFÉ) on tablet computers. Paper questionnaire data was entered into tablets after check by field editor Questionnaires were re-entered by data processing staff in Nay Pyi Taw Data processing included secondary editing and was conducted from January 2016-July 2016.

Results of the Household and Individual Interviews Household Interviews Households selected 13,238 Households occupied 12,780 Households interviewed 12,500 Response rate 98% Interviews with Women age 15-49 Eligible women 13,454 Women interviewed 12,885 Response rate 96% Interviews with Men age 15-49 Eligible men 5,218 Men interviewed 4,737 Response rate 91%