1. 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey Methodology & Characteristics of Households and Respondents

2. The 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) was was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Office of the Chief Government Statistician - Zanzibar (OCGS); in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare. ICF Macro provided technical assistance for the survey through the MEASURE DHS programme. United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded the technical assistance. Funding for the survey was provided by the Tanzania government through the MoHSW, Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre (TFNC), Department for International Development (DFID), World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), One UN Fund (Joint Programme 2, and Joint Programme 5 – through MoHSW, Zanzibar), and the Irish Aid.

3. The Survey The 2010 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) is the eighth in a series of national sample surveys conducted in Tanzania to measure levels, patterns, and trends in demographic and health indicators. The TDHS sample is a nationally representative sample. It was designed to provide estimates for the entire country, for urban and rural areas in the Mainland, and for Zanzibar. For specific indicators such as contraceptive use, the sample design allowed the estimation of indicators for each of the 26 regions.

4. Geographic Zones ⁻Western: Tabora, Shinyanga, Kigoma ⁻Northern: Kilimanjaro, Tanga, Arusha, Manyara ⁻Central: Dodoma, Singida ⁻Southern Highlands: Mbeya, Iringa, Rukwa ⁻Lake: Kagera, Mwanza, Mara ⁻Eastern: Dar es Salaam, Pwani, Morogoro ⁻Southern: Lindi, Mtwara, Ruvuma ⁻Zanzibar: Unguja North, Unguja South, Town West, Pemba North, Pemba South

5. Sample Design Sampling frame: 2002 Population and Housing Census First stage: 475 clusters selected (25 in Dar es Salaam, 18 in each of the Mainland regions, 18 in each region in Zanzibar); Second stage: systematic sampling of households from each cluster selected; final sample of 10,300 households Selected households were visited and interviewed; eligible women age 15-49 were interviewed, and eligible men age 15-49 were interviewed in one-third of the households

6. Survey Timeline Pilot test: August 2009. Training of field staff: November 9 – December 5, 2009. 59 female nurses, 15 male nurses, 17 field editors, and 14 supervisors were trained as field staff.

7. Fieldwork and Data Processing Total of 14 teams (team supervisor, 1 field editor, 4 female interviewers, 1 male interviewer, and a driver) Fieldwork conducted from December 2009 – May 2010. Data Processing: January 2010 – June 2010

8. Results of the household and individual interviews Households Selected Households Occupied Households Interviewed Response rate (%) 10,300 9,741 9,623 99% Eligible Women Women Interviewed Response rate (%) 10,522 10,139 96% Eligible Men Men Interviewed Response rate (%) 2,770 2,527 91%

9. Household Characteristics – Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Electricity – Ownership of Goods – Wealth Respondent Characteristics – Education and Literacy – Mass Media – Employment © 2008 Inci Gulsun Inal, Courtesy of Photoshare

10. Tanzania’s Households 24% of households are headed by women Average household size: 5.0 members 47% of the population is under 15 years of age

11. Drinking Water 57% of households use an improved source of drinking water

12. Distance to Drinking Water Overall, only 9% of households have water on premises. 45% of households require 30 minutes or longer (roundtrip) to obtain drinking water.

13. Sanitation Percent distribution of households by type of toilet/latrine facilities 87% of households use a nonimproved toilet facility

14. Access to Electricity Percent of households with electricity

15. Household Durable Goods and Possessions Percent of households

16. Wealth Index Wealth is determined by scoring households based on a set of characteristics, including access to electricity and ownership of various consumer goods. Households are then ranked, from lowest score to highest score. This list is then separated into 5 equal pieces (or quintiles) each representing 20% of the population. Households in the highest quintile may not be “rich,” but they are of higher socioeconomic status than the other 80% of households in the country.

17. Wealth Index Lowest2 nd Middle4 th Highest Mainland Urban 3% 7%25%63% Mainland Rural 24%27% 18%4% Zanzibar5%11%13%28%43%

18. © 2009 Niemi Ritva, Courtesy of Photoshare Household Characteristics – Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Electricity – Ownership of Goods – Wealth Respondent Characteristics – Education and Literacy – Mass Media – Employment

19. Educational Level of Respondents No education Some primary Completed primary Secondary +

20. Literacy of Respondents Percent of women and men age 15-49 who are literate

21. Weekly Exposure to Mass Media Percent of women and men age 15-49 *At least once a week

22. Employment by Residence Percent distribution of women and men who worked in the last 7 days

23. Occupation Percent distribution of women and men employed in the last 12 months by occupation

24. Type of Employment and Payment: Women Percent distribution of women age 15-49 employed in the 12 months before the survey

25. Key Findings 57% of households use an improved source of drinking water. 87% of households use a nonimproved toilet facility. 14% of rural households have no facility or use the bush/field. 15% of households have electricity. 19% of female respondents and 10% of male respondents have received no formal education. 72% of female respondents and 82% of male respondents are literate. 78% of women and 84% of men are currently employed.