1. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Survey Design Workshop MICS: Past, Present and Future MICS Survey Design Workshop

2. Past: Some History

3. Global household survey programmes Since 1970s Multi-topic, multiple indicator surveys  World Fertility Surveys (1970s, early 1980s)  Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys (1980s)  Demographic and Health Surveys (since 1980s, USAID)  MICS (since 1995, UNICEF)  Reproductive Health Surveys (since 1990s, CDC – now discontinued)

4. Global household survey programmes Thematic surveys  Living Standards Measurement Surveys - LSMS (World Bank)  Malaria Indicator Surveys – MIS (RBM Malaria)  AIDS Indicator Surveys - AIS (USAID)  SMART surveys (Nutrition)  others

5. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Developed by UNICEF in the early 1990s to respond to data needs for the World Summit for Children Goals Since 1995, evolved into an ongoing global survey programme with –collection of data on multiple globally agreed-upon indicator sets; MDGs, WSC, WFFC indicators… –an institutionalized technical coordination and support system, including a Global MICS team with coordinators and survey experts in New York and all regions –full package of MICS-specific survey instruments

6. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Face to face interviews, observations, measurements Representative data based on probabilistic samples Modular structure of questionnaires, easily customized to country needs Low, middle and high income countries

7. Technical Support and Quality Assurance Global MICS Team –UNICEF New York MICS Team –Survey Coordinators in 7 UNICEF Regional Offices Global and Regional Experts (20+) UNICEF Country Offices + UNICEF MICS Consultant (Resident) Implementing agencies (NSOs)

8. Technical Support and Quality Assurance Regional Workshops, on: –Survey Design –Data Processing –Data Dissemination and Further Analysis On-site and off-site support by UNICEF MICS staff members and consultants Standard survey tools – from documents on governance to dissemination of results Quality control mechanisms at every step in the survey process

9. MICS: 1995-2009 MICS1: 1995 –60 countries –Emphasis on World Summit for Children Goals –Minimum technical support –Global evaluation

10. MICS: 1995-2009 MICS2: 2000 –59 countries –Emphasis on World Summit for Children goal –Increased technical support, better standardization of survey tools

11. MICS: 1995-2009 MICS3: 2005-2009 –54 surveys –Emphasis on World Fit for Children Goals, MDGs, and plus –A “system” for quality assurance and technical support

12. 2010-2012

13. MICS 2010-2012 Emphasis on MDGs, other globally recommended indicators, and –Emerging issues: adolescents, early childhood development, life satisfaction…. 59 surveys conducted

14. MICS Surveys by Region: 2010-2012

15. Total59 National43 Selected population group4 Selected area/region12 MICS 2010-2012

16. MICS Countries – Overview (2010-2012) Low and middle/high income countries Chad, Mali, Costa Rica, Serbia, Qatar, Argentina Emergency or post-emergency settings Somalia, Iraq, Sudan New to MICS (Bhutan, Mali), all MICS rounds (Serbia, Gambia), “returning” countries (Moldova, Afghanistan)

17. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Since 1995, more than 100 countries and around 240 surveys * * As of February 2013 – includes surveys in progress with fieldwork completion in 2013 Countries with at least one MICS survey, including sub-national surveys Period # Surveys 1995-199960 2000-200459 2005-200954 2010-201259 MICS4 MICS1-3 As of February 2013

18. MICSDHSOther Early childhood development10000 Child discipline79813 ORT and continued feeding50482 Birth registration473815 Care-seeking for pneumonia45487 Child marriage375112 ITN use333235 Antimalarial treatment334126 Skilled attendant at delivery315118 Underweight prevalence243442 MICS in Global Databases Most recent data points on selected indicators Source: UNICEF Global Databases

19. MICS List of Indicators MICS INDICATOR [M] ModuleNumeratorDenominator 2.4Children ever breastfedMN Number of women with a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey who breastfed the child at any time Total number of women with a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey 2.5 Early initiation of breastfeeding MN Number of women with a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey who put the newborn infant to the breast within 1 hour of birth Total number of women with a live birth in the 2 years preceding the survey 2.6 Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months BF Number of infants under 6 months of age who are exclusively breastfed Total number of infants under 6 months of age 2.7 Continued breastfeeding at 1 year BF Number of children age 12-15 months who are currently breastfeeding Total number of children age 12-15 months 2.8 Continued breastfeeding at 2 years BF Number of children age 20-23 months who are currently breastfeeding Total number of children age 20-23 months 2.9 Predominant breastfeeding under 6 months BF Number of infants under 6 months of age who received breast milk as the predominant source of nourishment during the previous day Total number of infants under 6 months of age 2.10Duration of breastfeedingBF The age in months when 50 percent of children age 0-35 months did not receive breast milk during the previous day 2.11Bottle feedingBF Number of children age 0-23 months who were fed with a bottle during the previous day Total number of children age 0-23 months

20. Data collection through MICS is a primary source of disaggregated data MICS provides data for more than 100 indicators which can be disaggregated by: geozones residence (urban, urban- poor, rural) gender education age wealth ethnicity/religion/language other stratifiers combinations of the above Disaggregation

21. HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR INDIVIDUAL WOMEN (AGE 15-49) QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CHILDREN UNDER-5 (AGE 0-4) QUESTIONNAIRE FOR INDIVIDUAL MEN (AGE 15-49)

22. Household Social and demographic characteristics Children’s living arrangements / Orphans Education Water and Sanitation Household assets, dwelling characteristics Use of mosquito nets Child labour Child discipline Handwashing Salt iodization Under-5s Birth registration Early childhood development Diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria Immunization Breastfeeding and dietary intake Anthropometry Women Fertility Child mortality Antenatal care Delivery care Post-natal health checks Contraception, unmet need Female genital mutilation/cutting Maternal mortality Women and Men Attitudes towards domestic violence Marriage Sexual behaviour HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes Access to mass media/ICT Tobacco and alcohol use Life satisfaction Literacy and education

23. Household Social and demographic characteristics Children’s living arrangements / Orphans Education Water and Sanitation Household assets, dwelling characteristics Use of mosquito nets Child labour Child discipline Handwashing Salt iodization Under-5s Birth registration Early childhood development Diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria Immunization Breastfeeding and dietary intake Anthropometry Women Fertility Child mortality Antenatal care Delivery care Post-natal health checks Contraception, unmet need Female genital mutilation/cutting Maternal mortality Women and Men Attitudes towards domestic violence Marriage Sexual behaviour HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes Access to mass media/ICT Tobacco and alcohol use Life satisfaction Literacy and education 21 MDG indicators

24. Household Social and demographic characteristics Children’s living arrangements / Orphans Education Water and Sanitation Household assets, dwelling characteristics Use of mosquito nets Child labour Child discipline Handwashing Salt iodization Under-5s Birth registration Early childhood development Diarrhoea, pneumonia, malaria Immunization Breastfeeding and dietary intake Anthropometry Women Fertility Child mortality Antenatal care Delivery care Post-natal health checks Contraception, unmet need FGM/C Maternal mortality Women and Men Attitudes towards domestic violence Marriage Sexual behaviour HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes Access to mass media/ICT Tobacco and alcohol use Life satisfaction Literacy and education Major methodological work in the last 3-4 years to develop validated survey tools

25. Ongoing methodological work Development of modules/protocols for –Rapid water testing –External economic support –Child disability Survey tools –Tablet assisted interviewing –Improved protocols for anthropometric training –Oversampling of households with under-5s, special population groups

26. MICS and DHS Close collaboration between survey programs for harmonization of survey tools Up to 75 percent of indicators in the MICS list can be generated in DHS surveys Differences mainly in the areas of child protection, reproductive health, biomarkers, education, data on orphans & foster children, mode of technical assistance Technically easy to add modules from one onto the other Several countries alternating: Ghana, DRC, Cameroon, and others

27. MICS and DHS Hancioglu A, Arnold F (2013) Measuring Coverage in MNCH: Tracking Progress in Health for Women and Children Using DHS and MICS Household Surveys. PLoS Med 10(5): e1001391. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001391

28. MICS and Other Survey Programmes Limited harmonization with LSMS Major methodological differences, eligible respondents, nature of data collected makes it difficult to add from one to the other Thematic surveys (MIS, AIS, SMART surveys) collect more detailed information on themes of interest, MICS and DHS collect the minimum needed on a comparable basis

29. Future: Final MDG Reporting and MICS Surveys 2013-2014

30. Timeline for global reporting on MDGs 2012201320142015 SG’s MDG Report launch September 2015 Data compilation and analysis June-August 2014 Submission of data for SG’s report March 2015 Deadline for Conducting Fieldwork for Household Surveys End of First Quarter 2014

31. Typical MICS Survey timeline # of monthsActivity 6 months (timeline dependent on country setting) Planning and Design 2-4 monthsFieldwork (collection of data) 3-6 monthsSurvey results (most data on MDGs included) 6 monthsFinal Results 3-6 months From completion of fieldwork to generation of survey results

32. 2013-2014: Timelines Global Pilot Survey (Bangladesh, May-June 2012) Finalize survey instruments …and supporting documents (by March 2013) Assessment of data gaps, dialogue with governments Regional Workshops Survey Implementation –2013 - First quarter 2014 at the latest for surveys servicing MDG reporting –2013 and 2014 for all other surveys

33. 2013-2014: Regional Workshops Survey Design Workshops KathmanduMarch 2013South Asia, East Asia/Pacific, CEECIS DakarMarch-April 2013Sub-Saharan Africa AmmanApril 2013Middle East, North Africa ManaguaMay 2013Latin America/Caribbean DubaiJune-July 2013Global Data Processing Workshops BangkokJune 2013Global DakarJuly 2013Sub-Saharan Africa ??SeptemberGlobal

34. 2013-2014: Regional Workshops Survey Design and Data Processing Workshops at end of 2013, early 2014 for countries conducting surveys in mid to late 2014 Data Dissemination and Further Analysis Workshops from early 2014 to early 2015 40 surveys confirmed, more to join

35. 2015 and beyond Complete reports of surveys conducted in 2014 Post-2015 agenda New survey tools Current UNICEF strategic plan including MICS: 2014-2017

36. Thank You