New National Government SC involvement in the new National Government

8-3.4 Analyze the position of South Carolina on the issues that divided the nation in the early 1800s, including the assumption of state debts, the creation of a national bank, the protective tariff and the role of the United States in the European conflict between France and England and in the War of 1812.

Focus Question What problems did the US face at the end of the 1700s and beginning of the 1800s?

Issues that divided the Nation in the early 1800s Assumption of state debts Role of US in foreign affairs Creation of a national bank Issues that divided the Nation in the early 1800s New Federal Government Established 1789 War of 1812 European conflict between England and France Protective tariff

set a precedent for future presidents First President George Washington Why important? Everything he did set a precedent for future presidents

Wanted an economic policy that would strengthen National Government Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton Wanted an economic policy that would strengthen National Government

Hamilton proposed… Federal = National Federal government pay debt incurred as a result of the Revolutionary War National government assume debt of states from the war High protective tariff on imported goods Increase cost of imported goods Encourage Americans to make goods at home (US) rather than buy overseas National Bank Improve economic position of the US Issue bank notes Collect taxes Federal = National

Developed as a result of disagreements over Hamilton’s proposals Two political parties Developed as a result of disagreements over Hamilton’s proposals Federalists Led by Alexander Hamilton Favored Hamilton’s policies Most Federalists were from New England Low Country Elite from SC tended to support Believed in a strong central government Promote trade Industry

Democratic-Republicans Led by Thomas Jefferson & James Madison Opposed Hamilton’s proposals Upcountry in SC supported

Assumption of state DEBTS Most S. Carolinians supported this idea So much of the war was fought in SC and the state had more debt Democratic – Republicans opposed assumption Compromise DR agreed to assume state debt because… Federalists agreed to support moving the nation’s capital to the banks of the Potomac River in the South Alexander Hamilton agreed to move the capital because he won more support for his economic proposals

Creation of a National Bank Democratic – Republicans Constitution should be interpreted strictly Constitution did not specifically grant Congress the right to create a national bank Federalists Loose interpretation of Constitution Congress had been granted authority to make all laws that were “necessary and proper” to the execution of its powers Bank was necessary For power to tax To control commerce Both of these were powers granted to the national government in the Constitution

Washington sided with Federalists. He agreed with Hamilton that a national bank was necessary to improve the economic position of the United States, Signed into law a bill after it passed the legislature creating the First National Bank

Failed… Protective Tariff The Democratic-Republicans objected Tax or duty on imported goods increase cost of imported goods Encouraged the growth of American manufacturing; rather than buy overseas The Democratic-Republicans objected To this extension of the power of the central government and Wanted to balance federal power with state rights. SC opposed a high protective tariff because it would raise the price of imported goods.

The policy of a nation in its interaction with other nations Federalists and Democratic-Republicans also disagreed over foreign policy The policy of a nation in its interaction with other nations

French Revolution When the French Revolution began in 1789, The Democratic-Republicans supported the French and the ideals of the Revolution and in the overthrow of their king The Federalists were Appalled at the bloodshed and, when the French declared war on Britain (Napoleonic Wars), Sided with the British (former mother country) hoping to Secure more trade keep trade we had re-established George Washington issued a Proclamation of Neutrality The United States will remain neutral in the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France

The XYZ Affair President John Adams (2nd President 1797–1801) sent South Carolinian Charles Cotesworth Pinckney to negotiate peace with France. We were not officially at war with France but they had attacked several of our ships because of our trade with Britain

Pinckney and two other Americans met with three representatives of the French government (in letters referred to them as X, Y, & Z) who asked for a bribe before they would even discuss a solution. Furious, Pinckney replied, “No, no, not a sixpence, sir!” Insulted, the US negotiators left France without a deal This incident became known as the X, Y, Z Affair and brought the political parties into conflict

While Federalists prepared for war, Democratic-Republicans insult President John Adams (a Federalist) in their party newspapers. Angered at this insult, federalists passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (laws)

The Alien & Sedition Acts These acts increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from five to fourteen years Authorized the president to imprison or deport aliens considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States" Restricted speech critical of the government.

Controversy over the Alien and Sedition Acts contributed to the election of Thomas Jefferson as president in 1800.

The Napoleonic Wars continued… Americans traded with both the British and the French. The British practice of impressment became a major grievance pressing into service American sailors they claimed were British citizens

Federalists opposed the embargo and (Later) US passed the Embargo Act to stop American trade with both Britain and France to avoid conflict. The embargo devastated the American shipping industry based in New England a Federalist region Federalists opposed the embargo and (Later) the War of 1812

War Hawks nickname given to those urging war with Britain War of 1812? Democratic-Republicans in the West accused the British of urging Native Americans to attack settlers. When a British ship fired on an American ship, protest meetings were held all over South Carolina (and other states). In 1810, War Hawk John C. Calhoun was elected to Congress from SC and urged Congress to declare war on Great Britain. War Hawks nickname given to those urging war with Britain

In 1812, the United States declared war on Great Britain and invaded Canada where the American army was defeated. orleansstar.ca

In 1814, a British army attacked Washington, D. C. and set fire to the capital and the president’s house [later the White House]. A re-enactment of the British burning of the White House in the History Channel documentary "First Invasion: The War of 1812."

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