1. STUDY GUIDE 5: A new American Nation

2. Terms
Committee of 99
A group of people from all over S.C. that governed SC during the time of problems with the British.
2. Provincial Congress
A temporary government used to govern SC during the American Revolution
Treaty of Ninety-Six
A Treaty in which the backcountry agreed not to fight with the British during the Revolution
Henry Laurens
A South Carolinian that served as the President of the Continental Congress during the American Revolution

3. Terms Articles of Confederation
Document that created the 1st government of the U.S. It created a weak central government and was replaced by the U.S. Constitution.
6. Charles Pinckney
A South Carolinian that helped write the U.S. Constitution – a.k.a.“Constitution Charlie”
Shays’ Rebellion
A rebellion of Mass. farmers—under the Articles the U.S. had no army to put down the rebellion

4. Terms Great Compromise
Agreement at the Constitutional Convention between the big and small states. They decided to have 2 houses in Congress, one in which states
would be equal—and one in which representation would be based on state population.
Three-Fifths Compromise
Agreement at the C.C. that would count 3/5 of each slave towards the population for representation.
Commerce Compromise
Agreement at the C.C. that promised to not ban the slave trade until 1808 and not to tax exports.

5. Terms
Bill of Rights
The first ten Amendments of the Constitution that guarantee the individual rights of U.S. Citizens.
United States Constitution
The document that set up the Government of the U.S. and is the supreme law of the U.S..
Bi-Cameral
A two house legislature such as Congress (Senate and House of Representatives).
Federalism
The sharing of power between the national and state governments.

6. Terms
15. Republic A form of government where the people have the power to elect citizens to represent them in government. 16. George Washington Served as the 1st U.S. president under the Constitution 17. Alexander Hamilton 1st Secretary of Treasury, his ideas of a protective tariff and a national bank improved the U.S. economy. 18. Federalists Early political party that believed in a strong national government to promote trade and business.

7. Terms
19. National Bank Hamilton’s idea, it issued currency and collected taxes needed for the new nation. 20. X,Y,Z Affair Incident in which 3 French diplomats demanded a bribe to work out a treaty with the U.S. It nearly caused a war with France. 21. Alien and Sedition Act Law passed by a Federalist Congress, it locked up critics of the government(mostly Demo-Republicans). 22. States’ Rights Belief that under the Constitution, state power is at least as strong as national power.

8. Terms
23. Protective Tariff Hamilton’s idea, that a tariff would keep out many foreign goods and would help U.S. industry to grow. 24. Democratic-Republicans Early political party that believed in a limited national government and promoted individual rights. 25. Proclamation of Neutrality Statement by Washington that the new U.S. government should stay out of European wars. 26. Embargo Act Law that prevented the U.S. from trading with France and Britain during their war, it hurt the U.S. economy.

9. 1. SC’s Early Constitutions
The early constitutions provided a two house legislature and chief executive with veto power.

10. Weaknesses of the Articles of Con.
The Articles could not tax the states, raise an army, regulate trade, or settle disputes among states.

11. 3. Tension In the Up and Low country
The Lowcountry had far more representation(because of wealth) and therefore was in control of the SC legislature.

12. 4. Settling the Disputes
The capital(Columbia) was moved into the center of the state and the Up Country got more representation.

13. 5. Up and Low Country United
The invention of the cotton gin united the regions by bringing wealth and slavery to the Upcountry.

14. 6. Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan
The Virginia Plan wanted representation to be base on population with a 3 branch government. The New Jersey Plan wanted representation to be equal for states and a one house national legislature.

15. 7. Issues for S.C. at the C.C.
S.C. wanted a strong central government with the power to tax and regulate trade, a strong president, and representation to be based upon population(including slaves) and property.

16. 8. Federalists vs Antifederalists
Federalist believe a strong government was needed for protection and to regulate trade, Anti-Federalists believed a strong government would limit state power and individual rights.

17. 9. Up Vs Low & the Constitution
Most people of the Low Country supported the Constitution(good for trade), most in the Up Country did not want it(feared it would limit rights).

18. 10. Principles of Gov’t
Representative Democracy, Popular Sovereignty, Federalism, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Limited Government, and Individual Rights.

19. 11. 3 Branches of government
The Legislative Branch makes the laws, the Executive Branch enforces the laws, and the Judicial Branch interprets the laws.

20. 12. Why War with Britain?
The British were impressing U.S. sailors in military service and helping Indians who were attacking American settlers in the West.

21. 13. Uniting the political Parties
The surge of nationalism(national pride) after standing up to the British helped many Democratic-Republicans accept a strong federal government.